大叶南洋杉Araucaria bidwillii

大叶南洋杉Araucaria bidwillii

大叶南洋杉Araucaria bidwillii

中文名(Chinese Name):大叶南洋杉
学名(Scientific Name):Araucaria bidwillii Hook.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):澳洲南洋杉、披针叶南洋杉
异名(Synonym):Marywildea bidwillii (Hook.) A.V. Bobrov & Melikyan;Columbea bidwilli (Hook.) Carrière;Columbea bidwillii (Hook.) Carrière 
科属(Family & Genus):南洋杉科(Araucariaceae)南洋杉属(Araucaria
形态特征(Description):乔木,在原产地高达50米,胸径达1米;树皮厚,暗灰褐色,成薄条片脱落;大枝平展,树冠塔形,侧生小枝密生,下垂,小枝绿色,光滑无毛。叶辐射伸展,卵状披针形、披针形或三角状卵形,扁平或微内曲,坚硬,厚革质,光绿色,无主脉,具多数并列细脉,上面通常无气孔线,下面有多条气孔线,先端有渐尖或微尖的锐尖头;同年生小枝上的叶不等长,叶形也有变异:幼树及营养枝上的叶较花果枝及老树的叶为长,排列较疏,小枝中部的叶较两端的叶为长,长2.5-6.5厘米;花果枝, 老树及小枝两端的叶排列较密,长0.7-2.8厘米。雄球花单生叶腋,圆柱形。球果大,宽椭圆形或近圆球形,长达30厘米,径22厘米,中部的苞鳞矩圆状椭圆形或矩圆状卵形,先端肥厚,具明显的锐脊,中央有急尖的三角状尖头,尖头向外反曲,两侧较厚不呈翅状;舌状种鳞的先端肥大而外露;种子长椭圆形,无翅。花期六月,球果第三年秋后成熟。
分布(Distribution):原产大洋洲沿海地区。我国福州等地有栽培,作庭园树,生长良好,已开花结实;中部及北部各大城市仅见盆栽。
用途(Use):木材可供建筑等用。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 4
1. Araucaria bidwillii Hooker, London J. Bot. 2: 503. 1843.
大叶南洋杉 da ye nan yang shan | Araucariaceae  | Araucaria
Trees to 50 m tall; trunk to 1 m d.b.h.; bark dark gray-brown, thick, flaking; crown pyramidal; branchlets dense, pendulous, green, glabrous. Leaves radially spreading, bright green, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or triangular-ovate, flattened, slighty incurved, hard, thick, leathery, lacking a midvein but with numerous, parallel, thin veins, stomatal lines abaxial; leaves of same year dimorphic: those of young trees and vegetative branchlets longer (0.7-2.8 cm) and more loosely arranged than those of old trees and cone-bearing branchlets, those at middle of branchlets 2.5-6.5 cm, apex acuminate or acute. Pollen cones axillary, solitary, cylindric. Seed cones ovoid-subglobose, ca. 30 × 22 cm; bracts oblong-elliptic or oblong-ovate, margin relatively thick, wingless, apex triangular, reflexed; seed scales thickened, exposed at apex. Seeds elongate-elliptic, wingless. Pollination Jun, seed maturity after autumn of 3rd year.
Cultivated. Fujian (Fuzhou Shi), Guangdong, Guangxi (Nanning Shi), S Yunnan (Mengla Xian) [native to NE Australia]
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