紫花鹤顶兰Phaius mishmensis
中文名（Chinese Name）：紫花鹤顶兰
学名（Scientific Name）：Phaius mishmensis (Lindl. et Paxt.) Rchb. f.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：细茎鹤顶兰
异名（Synonym）：Limatodes mishmensis Lindl. et Paxton Phaius augustinianus Klotzsch Phaius crinita (Gagnep.) Seidenf. Phaius cupreus Rchb.f. Phaius roseus Rolfe Limatodis mishmensis Lindl. & Paxton Calanthe crinita Gagnep. Calanthe ramosa Gagnep. Phaius crinitus (Gagnep.) Seidenf.
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）鹤顶兰属
形态特征（Description）：植株高达80厘米。假鳞茎直立，圆柱形，长30-80厘米，粗6-15毫米，下部被3-4枚长4-6厘米的筒状鞘，上部互生5-6枚叶，具多数节；节间长2-10厘米。叶椭圆形或倒卵状披针形，长（10-）15-30厘米，宽4-8厘米，先端急尖，基部收狭为抱茎的鞘，边缘多少波状，干后变靛蓝色；叶鞘互相套迭而形成假茎。花序侧生于茎的中部节上或中部以上的叶腋，长约30厘米，具2枚长1.5-2.5厘米的鳞片状鞘，无毛；花序轴纤细，多少曲折，长约9厘米，疏生少数花；花苞片长圆状披针形，凹陷，约等长于花梗和子房，无毛，早落；花梗和子房长2-3厘米；子房稍扩大，无毛；花淡紫红色，不甚开放；萼片近相似，椭圆形，长3-3.5厘米，宽8-12毫米，先端稍钝，具5条脉，无毛；花瓣倒披针形，长3-3.5厘米，近先端处宽5-7毫米，先端钝，具1条主脉和多数侧脉，无毛；唇瓣密布红褐色斑点，贴生于蕊柱基部，轮廓为倒卵状三角形，约等长于萼片，3裂；侧裂片直立，围抱蕊柱，先端钝或圆形；中裂片近方形或宽倒卵形，先端微凹并具1短尖，边缘波状；唇盘具3-4条密布白色长毛的脊突；距细圆筒形，长1-1.6厘米，粗约2毫米，末端钝，中部以下稍弯曲；蕊柱细长，长2.2厘米，上端扩大，基部两侧密被长毛；蕊喙三角形，不裂，长约1.5毫米，先端钝；药帽前端收狭，呈喙状，上面疏被短毛；花粉团宽倒卵形，长约1.5毫米。花期10月至次年1月。
分布（Distribution）：产台湾、广东、广西、云南和西藏，生于海拔1400米的常绿阔叶林下阴湿处。也分布于不丹、印度、缅甸、越南、老挝、泰国、菲律宾和琉球群岛。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 290, 291
Phaius mishmensis (Lindley & Paxton) H. G. Reichenbach, Bonplandia. 5: 43. 1857.
紫花鹤顶兰 zi hua he ding lan| Orchidaceae | Phaius
Limatodis mishmensis Lindley & Paxton, Paxt. Fl. Gard. 3: 36. 1852; Calanthe crinita Gagnepain; C. ramosa Gagnepain; Phaius crinitus (Gagnepain) Seidenfaden; P. gracilis Hayata.
Plants 40-140 cm tall. Pseudobulb stemlike, cylindric, 30-80 × 0.6-1.5 cm. Leaves 4-7; blade green, elliptic or obovate-lanceolate, (10-)15-30 × 4-8 cm, glabrous, apex acute. Inflorescences arising from middle nodes of pseudobulb or axils of upper leaves above middle, ca. as tall as or taller than height of leaves, (30-)35-45 cm, sparsely 2-10-flowered, glabrous; floral bracts caducous, oblong-lanceolate, 3-4 cm, glabrous. Flowers not widely opening, 5-6 cm in diam.; pedicel and ovary 2-3 cm, glabrous; sepals and petals pale pink to dark red or purple-brown. Sepals similar, elliptic, 2.5-3.5 × 0.5-1.2 cm, glabrous, apex subacute. Petals oblanceolate, 2-3.5 × 0.4-0.7 cm, apex obtuse; lip white to pink, densely reddish brown spotted, obovate-triangular, 2-3.5 × 1.5-2.5 cm, 3-lobed; lateral lobes ovate, margins flat or slightly undulate, apex obtuse or rounded; mid-lobe subsquare or broadly obovate, margin undulate, apex emarginate to retuse; disk with 3 or 4 densely hirsute-pubescent ridges extending to mid-lobe; spur slightly curved, yellow-green, narrowly cylindric, 1-1.6 × ca. 0.2 cm, apex obtuse. Column yellow or whitish, ca. 2.2 cm, densely villous ventrally; rostellum triangular. Fl. Oct-Jan. 2n = 42, 44 + 4f, 50, 62.
Shaded and wet places in evergreen broad-leaved forests; 800-1400 m. NW Guangdong, Guangxi, C and S Taiwan, SE Xizang, S and SE Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Phaius mishmensis (Lindl. et Paxt.) Rchb. f.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：细茎鹤顶兰
异名（Synonym）：Limatodes mishmensis Lindl. et Paxton Phaius augustinianus Klotzsch Phaius crinita (Gagnep.) Seidenf. Phaius cupreus Rchb.f. Phaius roseus Rolfe Limatodis mishmensis Lindl. & Paxton Calanthe crinita Gagnep. Calanthe ramosa Gagnep. Phaius crinitus (Gagnep.) Seidenf.
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）鹤顶兰属
形态特征（Description）：植株高达80厘米。假鳞茎直立，圆柱形，长30-80厘米，粗6-15毫米，下部被3-4枚长4-6厘米的筒状鞘，上部互生5-6枚叶，具多数节；节间长2-10厘米。叶椭圆形或倒卵状披针形，长（10-）15-30厘米，宽4-8厘米，先端急尖，基部收狭为抱茎的鞘，边缘多少波状，干后变靛蓝色；叶鞘互相套迭而形成假茎。花序侧生于茎的中部节上或中部以上的叶腋，长约30厘米，具2枚长1.5-2.5厘米的鳞片状鞘，无毛；花序轴纤细，多少曲折，长约9厘米，疏生少数花；花苞片长圆状披针形，凹陷，约等长于花梗和子房，无毛，早落；花梗和子房长2-3厘米；子房稍扩大，无毛；花淡紫红色，不甚开放；萼片近相似，椭圆形，长3-3.5厘米，宽8-12毫米，先端稍钝，具5条脉，无毛；花瓣倒披针形，长3-3.5厘米，近先端处宽5-7毫米，先端钝，具1条主脉和多数侧脉，无毛；唇瓣密布红褐色斑点，贴生于蕊柱基部，轮廓为倒卵状三角形，约等长于萼片，3裂；侧裂片直立，围抱蕊柱，先端钝或圆形；中裂片近方形或宽倒卵形，先端微凹并具1短尖，边缘波状；唇盘具3-4条密布白色长毛的脊突；距细圆筒形，长1-1.6厘米，粗约2毫米，末端钝，中部以下稍弯曲；蕊柱细长，长2.2厘米，上端扩大，基部两侧密被长毛；蕊喙三角形，不裂，长约1.5毫米，先端钝；药帽前端收狭，呈喙状，上面疏被短毛；花粉团宽倒卵形，长约1.5毫米。花期10月至次年1月。
分布（Distribution）：产台湾、广东、广西、云南和西藏，生于海拔1400米的常绿阔叶林下阴湿处。也分布于不丹、印度、缅甸、越南、老挝、泰国、菲律宾和琉球群岛。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 290, 291
Phaius mishmensis (Lindley & Paxton) H. G. Reichenbach, Bonplandia. 5: 43. 1857.
紫花鹤顶兰 zi hua he ding lan| Orchidaceae | Phaius
Limatodis mishmensis Lindley & Paxton, Paxt. Fl. Gard. 3: 36. 1852; Calanthe crinita Gagnepain; C. ramosa Gagnepain; Phaius crinitus (Gagnepain) Seidenfaden; P. gracilis Hayata.
Plants 40-140 cm tall. Pseudobulb stemlike, cylindric, 30-80 × 0.6-1.5 cm. Leaves 4-7; blade green, elliptic or obovate-lanceolate, (10-)15-30 × 4-8 cm, glabrous, apex acute. Inflorescences arising from middle nodes of pseudobulb or axils of upper leaves above middle, ca. as tall as or taller than height of leaves, (30-)35-45 cm, sparsely 2-10-flowered, glabrous; floral bracts caducous, oblong-lanceolate, 3-4 cm, glabrous. Flowers not widely opening, 5-6 cm in diam.; pedicel and ovary 2-3 cm, glabrous; sepals and petals pale pink to dark red or purple-brown. Sepals similar, elliptic, 2.5-3.5 × 0.5-1.2 cm, glabrous, apex subacute. Petals oblanceolate, 2-3.5 × 0.4-0.7 cm, apex obtuse; lip white to pink, densely reddish brown spotted, obovate-triangular, 2-3.5 × 1.5-2.5 cm, 3-lobed; lateral lobes ovate, margins flat or slightly undulate, apex obtuse or rounded; mid-lobe subsquare or broadly obovate, margin undulate, apex emarginate to retuse; disk with 3 or 4 densely hirsute-pubescent ridges extending to mid-lobe; spur slightly curved, yellow-green, narrowly cylindric, 1-1.6 × ca. 0.2 cm, apex obtuse. Column yellow or whitish, ca. 2.2 cm, densely villous ventrally; rostellum triangular. Fl. Oct-Jan. 2n = 42, 44 + 4f, 50, 62.
Shaded and wet places in evergreen broad-leaved forests; 800-1400 m. NW Guangdong, Guangxi, C and S Taiwan, SE Xizang, S and SE Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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