大花杓兰 Cypripedium macranthos
中文名（Chinese Name）：大花杓兰
学名（Scientific Name）：Cypripedium macranthos Sw.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Cypripedium macranthum Sw. Sacodon macranthos (Sw.) Raf. Cypripedium speciosum var. albiflorum Makino Cypripedium thunbergii f. albiflorum (Makino) Okuyama Cypripedium calceolus var. rubrum Georgi Cypripedium macranthos var. speciosum (Rolfe) Koidz. Cypripedium rebunense Kudô Cypripedium macranthos f. rebunense (Kudô) Ohwi Cypripedium macranthos var. maximum Nakai Cypripedium macranthos nothof. alboroseum Aver. Cypripedium macranthos nothof. albostriatum Aver. Cypripedium macranthos var. albiflorum Makino Cypripedium macranthos var. atropurpureum Aver. Cypripedium macranthos nothof. flavoroseum Aver. Cypripedium macranthos var. flavum Mandl Cypripedium thunbergii Blume Cypripedium macranthos f. albiflorum (Makino) Ohwi Cypripedium macranthos var. taiwanianum F. Maek.
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）杓兰属
形态特征（Description）：植株高25-50厘米，具粗短的根状茎。茎直立，稍被短柔毛或变无毛，基部具数枚鞘，鞘上方具3-4枚叶。叶片椭圆形或椭圆状卵形，长10-15厘米，宽6-8厘米，先端渐尖或近急尖，两面脉上略被短柔毛或变无毛，边缘有细缘毛。花序顶生，具1花，极罕2花；花序柄被短柔毛或变无毛；花苞片叶状，通常椭圆形，较少椭圆状披针形，长7-9厘米，宽4-6厘米，先端短渐尖，两面脉上通常被微柔毛；花梗和子房长3-3.5厘米，无毛；花大，紫色、红色或粉红色，通常有暗色脉纹，极罕白色；中萼片宽卵状椭圆形或卵状椭圆形，长4-5厘米，宽2.5-3厘米，先端渐尖，无毛；合萼片卵形，长3-4厘米，宽1.5-2厘米，先端2浅裂；花瓣披针形，长4.5-6厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，先端渐尖，不扭转，内表面基部具长柔毛；唇瓣深囊状，近球形或椭圆形，长4.5-5.5厘米；囊口较小，直径约1.5厘米，囊底有毛；退化雄蕊卵状长圆形，长1-1.4厘米，宽7-8毫米，基部无柄，背面无龙骨状突起。蒴果狭椭圆形，长约4厘米，无毛。花期6-7月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山东和台湾。生于海拔400～2400米的林下、林缘或草坡上腐殖质丰富和排水良好之地。日本、朝鲜半岛和俄罗斯也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 23, 26, 27
Cypripedium macranthos Swartz, Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 251. 1800.
大花杓兰 da hua shao lan| Orchidaceae | Cypripedium
Cypripedium macranthos f. albiflorum (Makino) Ohwi; C. macranthos var. albiflorum Makino; C. macranthos var. taiwanianum F. Maekawa; C. speciosum Rolfe; C. taiwanianum Masamune; Sacodon macranthos (Swartz) Rafinesque.
Plants 25-50 cm tall, with a stout, short rhizome. Stem erect, slightly pubescent or glabrescent, with several sheaths at base and 3 or 4 leaves above. Leaf blade elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 10-15 × 6-8 cm, slightly pubescent or glabrescent on veins on both surfaces, minutely ciliate, apex acuminate or subacute. Inflorescence terminal, 1- or rarely 2- flowered; peduncle pubescent or glabrous; floral bracts foliaceous, elliptic or rarely elliptic-lanceolate, 7-9 × 4-6 cm, both surfaces often puberulent on veins, apex shortly acuminate; pedicel and ovary 3-3.5 cm, glabrous. Flowers large, red or pink, usually with darker stripes, very rarely white. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 4-5 × 2.5-3 cm, glabrous, apex acuminate; synsepal ovate, 3-4 × 1.5-2 cm, apex shallowly 2-lobed. Petals not twisted, lanceolate, 4.5-6 × 1.5-2.5 cm, villous toward adaxial base, apex acuminate; lip deeply pouched, subglobose or ellipsoid, 4.5-5.5 cm, with a small mouth ca. 1.5 cm in diam., inner bottom hairy. Staminode ovate-oblong, 10-14 × 7-8 mm, abaxially not carinate, base sessile. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 4 cm, glabrous. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 20, 21, 30.
Humus-rich soils and well-drained places in forests, forest margins, grassy slopes; 400-2400 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Taiwan [Japan, Korea, Russia].
Cypripedium ×ventricosum Swartz (Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 251. 1800), a natural hybrid between C. macranthos and C. calceolus, was reported to be found in Heilongjiang and Nei Mongol.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Cypripedium macranthos Sw.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Cypripedium macranthum Sw. Sacodon macranthos (Sw.) Raf. Cypripedium speciosum var. albiflorum Makino Cypripedium thunbergii f. albiflorum (Makino) Okuyama Cypripedium calceolus var. rubrum Georgi Cypripedium macranthos var. speciosum (Rolfe) Koidz. Cypripedium rebunense Kudô Cypripedium macranthos f. rebunense (Kudô) Ohwi Cypripedium macranthos var. maximum Nakai Cypripedium macranthos nothof. alboroseum Aver. Cypripedium macranthos nothof. albostriatum Aver. Cypripedium macranthos var. albiflorum Makino Cypripedium macranthos var. atropurpureum Aver. Cypripedium macranthos nothof. flavoroseum Aver. Cypripedium macranthos var. flavum Mandl Cypripedium thunbergii Blume Cypripedium macranthos f. albiflorum (Makino) Ohwi Cypripedium macranthos var. taiwanianum F. Maek.
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）杓兰属
形态特征（Description）：植株高25-50厘米，具粗短的根状茎。茎直立，稍被短柔毛或变无毛，基部具数枚鞘，鞘上方具3-4枚叶。叶片椭圆形或椭圆状卵形，长10-15厘米，宽6-8厘米，先端渐尖或近急尖，两面脉上略被短柔毛或变无毛，边缘有细缘毛。花序顶生，具1花，极罕2花；花序柄被短柔毛或变无毛；花苞片叶状，通常椭圆形，较少椭圆状披针形，长7-9厘米，宽4-6厘米，先端短渐尖，两面脉上通常被微柔毛；花梗和子房长3-3.5厘米，无毛；花大，紫色、红色或粉红色，通常有暗色脉纹，极罕白色；中萼片宽卵状椭圆形或卵状椭圆形，长4-5厘米，宽2.5-3厘米，先端渐尖，无毛；合萼片卵形，长3-4厘米，宽1.5-2厘米，先端2浅裂；花瓣披针形，长4.5-6厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，先端渐尖，不扭转，内表面基部具长柔毛；唇瓣深囊状，近球形或椭圆形，长4.5-5.5厘米；囊口较小，直径约1.5厘米，囊底有毛；退化雄蕊卵状长圆形，长1-1.4厘米，宽7-8毫米，基部无柄，背面无龙骨状突起。蒴果狭椭圆形，长约4厘米，无毛。花期6-7月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山东和台湾。生于海拔400～2400米的林下、林缘或草坡上腐殖质丰富和排水良好之地。日本、朝鲜半岛和俄罗斯也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 23, 26, 27
Cypripedium macranthos Swartz, Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 251. 1800.
大花杓兰 da hua shao lan| Orchidaceae | Cypripedium
Cypripedium macranthos f. albiflorum (Makino) Ohwi; C. macranthos var. albiflorum Makino; C. macranthos var. taiwanianum F. Maekawa; C. speciosum Rolfe; C. taiwanianum Masamune; Sacodon macranthos (Swartz) Rafinesque.
Plants 25-50 cm tall, with a stout, short rhizome. Stem erect, slightly pubescent or glabrescent, with several sheaths at base and 3 or 4 leaves above. Leaf blade elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 10-15 × 6-8 cm, slightly pubescent or glabrescent on veins on both surfaces, minutely ciliate, apex acuminate or subacute. Inflorescence terminal, 1- or rarely 2- flowered; peduncle pubescent or glabrous; floral bracts foliaceous, elliptic or rarely elliptic-lanceolate, 7-9 × 4-6 cm, both surfaces often puberulent on veins, apex shortly acuminate; pedicel and ovary 3-3.5 cm, glabrous. Flowers large, red or pink, usually with darker stripes, very rarely white. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 4-5 × 2.5-3 cm, glabrous, apex acuminate; synsepal ovate, 3-4 × 1.5-2 cm, apex shallowly 2-lobed. Petals not twisted, lanceolate, 4.5-6 × 1.5-2.5 cm, villous toward adaxial base, apex acuminate; lip deeply pouched, subglobose or ellipsoid, 4.5-5.5 cm, with a small mouth ca. 1.5 cm in diam., inner bottom hairy. Staminode ovate-oblong, 10-14 × 7-8 mm, abaxially not carinate, base sessile. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 4 cm, glabrous. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 20, 21, 30.
Humus-rich soils and well-drained places in forests, forest margins, grassy slopes; 400-2400 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Taiwan [Japan, Korea, Russia].
Cypripedium ×ventricosum Swartz (Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 251. 1800), a natural hybrid between C. macranthos and C. calceolus, was reported to be found in Heilongjiang and Nei Mongol.
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