虎头兰Cymbidium hookerianum

中文名(Chinese Name):虎头兰
学名(Scientific Name):Cymbidium hookerianum Rchb. f.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):青蝉兰
异名(Synonym):Cymbidium giganteum var. hookerianum (Rchb. f.) Bois  Cyperorchis grandiflora (Griff.) Schltr.  Cymbidium grandiflorum var. punctatum Cogn. 
科属(Family & Genus):兰科(Orchidaceae)兰属
形态特征(Description):附生草本;假鳞茎狭椭圆形至狭卵形,长3-8厘米,宽1.5-3厘米,大部分包藏于叶基之内。叶4-6 (-8)枚,长35-60 (-80)厘米,宽1.4-2. 3厘米,带形,先端急尖,关节位于距基部(4-)6-10厘米处。花葶从假鳞茎下部穿鞘而出,外弯或近直立,长45-60(-70)厘米;总状花序具7-14朵花;花苞片卵状三角形,长3-4毫米;花梗和子房长3-5厘米;花大,直径达11-12厘米,有香气;萼片与花瓣苹果绿或黄绿色,基部有少数深红色斑点或偶有淡红褐色晕,唇瓣白色至奶油黄色,侧裂片与中裂片上有栗色斑点与斑纹,在授粉后整个唇瓣变为紫红色;萼片近长圆形,长5-5.5厘米,宽1.5-1.7厘米;花瓣狭长圆状倒披针形,与萼片近等长,宽1-1.3厘米;唇瓣近椭圆形,长4.5-5厘米,3裂,基部与蕊柱合生达4-4.5毫米;侧裂片直立,多少有小乳突或短毛,尤其接近顶端处,边缘有缘毛;中裂片外弯,亦具小乳突,有时散生有短毛,边缘啮蚀状并呈波状;唇盘上2条纵褶片从基部延伸至中裂片基部以上,沿褶片生有短毛;蕊柱长3.3-4厘米,向前弯曲,腹面近基部有乳突或少数短毛;花粉团2个,近三角形。蒴果狭椭圆形,长9-11厘米,宽约4厘米。花期1-4月。
分布(Distribution):产广西、四川、贵州、云南和西藏等地。生于海拔1100~2700米林中树上或溪谷旁岩石上。东南亚也有。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 25 Page 262, 268   
Cymbidium hookerianum H. G. Reichenbach, Gard. Chron. 1866: 7. 1866.
虎头兰 hu tou lan| Orchidaceae  | Cymbidium
Cymbidium giganteum Wallich ex Lindley var. hookerianum (H. G. Reichenbach) Bois; C. grandiflorum Griffith; Cyperorchis grandiflora (Griffith) Schlechter.
Plants epiphytic or lithophytic, autotrophic. Pseudobulbs narrowly ellipsoid to narrowly ovoid, bilaterally flattened, 3-8 × 1.5-3 cm, partially enclosed in leaf bases. Leaves 4-6(-8), lorate, 35-60(-80) × 1.4-2.3 cm, articulate (4-)6-10 cm from base, apex acute. Inflorescence arising from near base of pseudobulb, arching or suberect, 45-60(-70) cm; rachis 7-14-flowered; floral bracts ovate-triangular, 3-4 mm. Flowers slightly fragrant, 11-12 cm in diam.; pedicel and ovary 30-50 mm; sepals and petals apple-green or yellowish green with a few deep red spots or occasionally tinged pale reddish brown at base; lip white or cream-yellow with chestnut spots and striations on lateral lobes and mid-lobe, becoming purplish red following pollination. Sepals suboblong, 50-55 × 15-17 mm, apex acute. Petals narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, 50-55 × 10-13 mm, apex acute; lip subelliptic, 45-50 mm, base fused to basal margins of column for 4-4.5 mm, 3-lobed; lateral lobes erect, ciliate; mid-lobe recurved, margin erose and undulate; disk sparsely minutely papillate or puberulent and densely so toward apices of lateral lobes, with 2 shortly hairy lamellae extending from base of lip to base of mid-lobe. Column arcuate, 33-40 mm, papillate or puberulent near base on ventral surface; pollinia 2, subtriangular. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid, 90-110 × ca. 40 mm. Fl. Jan-Apr, fr. Jun-Aug. 2n = 38*, 40*.
Trees in forests, rocks along valleys; 1100-2700 m. S Guangxi, SW Guizhou, SW Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Nepal, N Vietnam].


虎头兰Cymbidium hookerianum

虎头兰Cymbidium hookerianum





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