三褶虾脊兰Calanthe triplicata

中文名(Chinese Name):三褶虾脊兰
学名(Scientific Name): Calanthe triplicata (Willem.) Ames
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Calanthe rubicallosa Masam.  Calanthe furcata Bateman ex Lindl.  Orchis triplicata Willemet  Calanthe herdacea Lindl :Yamam.  Calanthe triplicata f. purpureoflora S. S. Ying  Bletia quadrifida Hook.f.  Limodorum ventricosum Steud.  Calanthe angraeciflora Rchb.f.  Calanthe breviflos Ridl.  Calanthe catilligera Rchb.f.  Calanthe celebica Rolfe  Calanthe comosa Rchb.f.  Calanthe diploxiphion Hook.f.  Calanthe gracillima Lindl.  Calanthe nephroglossa Schltr.  Calanthe orthocentron Schltr.  Calanthe perrottetii A.Rich.  Calanthe proboscidea Rchb.f.  Calanthe pubescens Ridl.  Calanthe veratrifolia (Willd.) R.Br. ex Ker Gawl.  Calanthe australasica D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.  Alismorkis angraeciflora (Rchb.f.) Kuntze  Alismorkis diploxiphion (Hook.f.) Kuntze  Alismorkis furcata (Bateman ex Lindl.) Kuntze  Alismorkis gracillima (Lindl.) Kuntze  Alismorkis veratrifolia (Willd.) Kuntze  Amblyglottis veratrifolia (Willd.) Blume  Calanthe furcata f. albolineata K.Nakaj.  Calanthe furcata f. albomarginata K.Nakaj.  Calanthe furcata f. brevicolumna (Hayata) M.Hiroe  Calanthe triplicata f. albolineata (K.Nakaj.) Hatus.  Calanthe triplicata f. albomarginata (K.Nakaj.) K.Nakaj.  Calanthe triplicata var. angraeciflora (Rchb.f.) N.Hallé  Calanthe triplicata var. gracillima (Lindl.) N.Hallé  Calanthe triplicata var. minahassae Schltr.  Calanthe veratrifolia var. australis Linden  Calanthe veratrifolia var. dupliciloba J.J.Sm.  Calanthe veratrifolia var. kennyi F.M.Bailey  Calanthe veratrifolia var. lancipetala J.J.Sm.  Calanthe veratrifolia var. stenochila Rchb.f.  Calanthe veratrifolia var. timorensis J.J.Sm.  Calanthe anchorifera Rchb.f.  Calanthe petri Rchb.f.  Alismorchis diploxiphion (Hook. f.) Kuntze  Alismorchis furcata (Bateman ex Lindl.) Kuntze  Alismorchis gracillima (Lindl.) Kuntze  Alismorchis veratrifolia (R. Br.) Kuntze  Alismorchis angraeciflora (Rchb. f.) Kuntze
科属Family & Genus):兰科(Orchidaceae)虾脊兰属
形态特征Description):根状茎不明显。假鳞茎卵状圆柱形,长1-3厘米,粗1-2厘米,具2-3枚鞘和3-4枚叶。假茎不明显。叶在花期全部展开,椭圆形或椭圆状披针形,长约30厘米,宽达10厘米,先端急尖,基部收狭为柄,边缘常波状,两面无毛,或有时在背面疏被短毛;叶柄长达14厘米。花葶从叶丛中抽出,直立,长达70余厘米;花序柄被2-3枚筒状鞘和数枚苞片状叶,密被短毛;总状花序长5-10厘米,密生许多花;花苞片宿存,草质,向外伸展,卵状披针形,长1-2厘米,基部上方宽5-10毫米,先端急尖,边缘多少波状,被毛或有时近无毛;花梗和子房白色,纤细,斜立,长达4厘米,被短毛;花白色或偶见淡紫红色,后来转为桔黄色;萼片和花瓣常反折,质地较厚,干后变黑色;中萼片近椭圆形,长9-12毫米,中部宽4.5-5.5毫米,先端锐尖或具细尖头,具5条脉,其中中间3条较明显,背面被短毛;侧萼片稍斜的倒卵状披针形,比中萼片稍大,具5条脉,背面被短毛;花瓣倒卵状披针形,比萼片短,基部上方宽3-4.5毫米,先端圆钝或近截形并具细尖,基部收狭为爪,具3条脉,仅中脉较明显,近先端处有时有不等侧的缢缩,背面常被短毛;唇瓣基部与整个蕊柱翅合生,比萼片长,向外伸展,基部具3-4列金黄色或桔红色小瘤状附属物,3深裂;侧裂片卵状椭圆形至倒卵状楔形;中裂片深2裂;小裂片叉开,与侧裂片近等大,两裂片中央具1个短尖头;距白色,纤细,圆筒形,伸直,长(6-)12-15毫米,末端钝,外面疏被短毛;蕊柱长 约5毫米,上端扩大,疏被短毛;蕊喙2裂;裂片近长圆形,长约2毫米,先端近截形;药帽在前端稍收狭,先端稍尖;花粉团棒状,每一群中有2个较小,长2-4毫米,具明显的花粉团柄;粘盘小,近椭圆形。花期4-5月。
分布Distribution):产福建南部(南靖)、台湾(广布于低海拔山区)、广东西南部和北部(信宜、乳源、乐昌)、香港、海南(崖县、保亭、陵水、琼中)、广西(龙州、靖西、天峨、都安)和云南(屏边、西双版纳至中甸)。生于海拔1000-1200米的常绿阔叶林下。广布于从日本、菲律宾、越南、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、印度、澳大利亚、太平洋邻近一些岛屿以及非洲的马达加斯加。模式标本采自印度尼西亚(爪哇)。
用途Use):
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 25 Page 294, 301, 302
Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames, Philipp. J. Sci., C. 2: 326. 1907.
三褶虾脊兰 san zhe xia ji lan | Orchidaceae  | Calanthe
Orchis triplicata Willemet, Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 18: 52. 1796; Alismorkis furcata (Bateman ex Lindley) Kuntze; A. veratrifolia Kuntze, nom. illeg. superfl.; Amblyglottis veratrifolia Blume, nom. illeg. superfl.; Calanthe furcata Bateman ex Lindley; C. rubicallosa Masamune; C. triplicata f. purpureoflora S. S. Ying; C. veratrifolia Ker Gawler, nom. illeg. superfl.; Limodorum veratrifolium Willdenow, nom. illeg. superfl.
Plants 40-100 cm tall. Rhizome inconspicuous. Pseudobulbs ovoid-cylindric, 1-3 × 1-2 cm, with 2 or 3 sheaths. Leaves 3 or 4, well developed and spreading at anthesis, not deciduous; blade elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 20-60 × 5-12 cm, glabrous or sometimes puberulent abaxially, apex acute; petiole-like base 10-18 cm. Scape arising from leaf axil, erect, 30-70 cm, puberulent; rachis 5-20 cm, densely many flowered; floral bracts persistent, ovate-lanceolate, 10-20 mm, puberulent or sometimes nearly glabrous. Flowers white, occasionally purplish red, later turning orange, turning black when dried; pedicel and ovary 30-40 mm, puberulent. Dorsal sepal recurved, subelliptic, 10-12 × 4.5-5.5 mm, abaxially puberulent, 5-veined, apex acute or apiculate; lateral sepals recurved, obovate-lanceolate, slightly oblique, 10-13 × 5-6 mm, abaxially puberulent, 5-veined. Petals recurved, obovate-lanceolate, 8-10 × 3-4.5 mm, abaxially puberulent, 3-veined, base clawed; lip adnate to entire length of column wings, 12-18 × ca. 14 mm, deeply 3-lobed; lateral lobes oblong to narrowly obovate-cuneate, ca. 7 × 3 mm, apex obtuse; mid-lobe divided by a deep sinus into 2 lobules, shortly apiculate in sinus; lobules divergent, linear-oblong, ca. as large as lateral lobes, ca. 3 mm wide; disk with 3 or 4 rows of small, golden or orange-red, wartlike calli at base; spur straight, white, cylindric, (6-)12-15 mm, slender, outside sparsely puberulent, apex obtuse. Column ca. 5 mm, dilated at apex, sparsely puberulent; rostellum 2-lobed; lobes suboblong, ca. 2 mm, apex subtruncate; pollinia clavate, unequal in size, 2-4 mm, with conspicuous caudicles; viscidium subelliptic, small. Fl. Apr-May. 2n = 18, 20, 40, 42.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 700-2400 m. S Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, N and SE Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam; Australia, Madagascar, SW Pacific islands].
三褶虾脊兰Calanthe triplicata

三褶虾脊兰Calanthe triplicata

三褶虾脊兰Calanthe triplicata(责任编辑:徐晔春)

顶一下[1]

踩一下[0]