二列叶虾脊兰Calanthe speciosa

中文名(Chinese Name):二列叶虾脊兰
学名(Scientific Name):Calanthe speciosa (Blume) Lindl.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):台湾根节兰
异名(Synonym):Calanthe formosana Rolfe  Calanthe scortechinii Hook.f.  Alismorkis scortechinii (Hook.f.) Kuntze  Alismorkis speciosa (Blume) Kuntze  Amblyglottis speciosa Blume  Alismorchis scortechinii (Hook. f.) Kuntze  Alismorchis speciosa (Lindl.) Kuntze
科属(Family & Genus):兰科(Orchidaceae)虾脊兰属
形态特征(Description):植株粗壮,高达120厘米,除根外全体无毛,具粗短的圆柱状假鳞茎和长而粗壮的根状茎。假鳞茎为叶鞘所包,粗达3厘米。叶二列,长圆状椭圆形,长达95厘米,中部宽4-9厘米,先端渐尖,基部收窄为长柄;叶柄粗壮,对折,长约20厘米,粗约1厘米,基部扩大成鞘,在与叶鞘相连接处具1个关节;鞘大型,合抱。花葶粗壮,侧生,从茎的基部发出,长40厘米或更长,粗5-15厘米,从基部向上具数枚筒状鞘,最下面的1枚最小,长约1厘米,上面的1枚最长;总状花序在花蕾时为苞片所包而呈圆球状,随着花的开放,花序轴逐渐伸长而呈圆柱形;花苞片膜质,狭披针形,长达3.5厘米,在花开放时脱落;花鲜黄色;萼片近相似,卵状披针形,长9-12毫米,中部宽4-5毫米,先端渐尖,具5条脉;花瓣卵状椭圆形,长9-12毫米,比萼片宽或有时近等宽,先端近急尖,具7条脉,中央3条脉较粗并延伸至先端,其余的细而分枝;唇瓣基部与整个蕊柱翅合生,基部上方3裂;侧裂片近方形或卵状三角形,两侧裂片先端之间相距约5毫米;中裂片扇形或有时近倒卵状楔形,长约5毫米,前端宽约5毫米,先端截形并具短尖,边缘波状,基部收窄成爪;唇盘在两侧裂片之间具2枚近半月形的褶片或胼胝体或有时褶片和胼胝体不明显;距棒状,长约9毫米,末端圆钝;蕊柱粗短,长约5毫米,上部稍扩大;蕊喙三角形,不裂,长3毫米,先端骤尖为尾状;药帽在前端收窄,先端尖;花粉团棒状,近等大,长约2.1毫米,具明显的花粉团柄;粘盘近线形,长2.2毫米。花期(4-)7-10月。
分布Distribution):产台湾(台北、台东等地)、香港和海南(保亭、陵水)。生于海拔500-1500米的 谷林下阴湿处。
用途Use):
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 25 Page 293, 296
Calanthe speciosa (Blume) Lindley, Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 250. 1833.
二列叶虾脊兰 er lie ye xia ji lan| Orchidaceae  | Calanthe
Amblyglottis speciosa Blume, Bijdr. 371. 1825; Alismorkis speciosa (Blume) Kuntze; Calanthe disticha Tang & F. T. Wang; C. formosana Rolfe; C. patsinensis S. Y. Hu; C. pulchra (Blume) Lindley var. formosana (Rolfe) S. S. Ying; C. yushunii K. Mori & Yamamoto.
Plants 50-70(-120) cm tall. Rhizome ca. 1 cm in diam., fleshy. Pseudobulbs cylindric-ovoid to clavate, 4-5 × 1-3 cm, several noded, usually enclosed by leaf sheaths. Leaves 5-10, nearly distichous, well developed at anthesis, not deciduous; blade oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate, 40-95 × 4-9 cm, glabrous, apex acuminate; petiole-like base to 20 cm, ca. 1 cm in diam., articulate. Scape arising from base of pseudobulb, 30-45 cm, with several tubular sheaths below middle; rachis 10-15 cm, densely many flowered; floral bracts caducous, narrowly lanceolate, 2.5-3.5 cm, membranous, glabrous. Flowers yellow; pedicel and ovary 15-20 mm, glabrous. Sepals similar, ovate-lanceolate, 9-12 × 4-5 mm, 5-veined, apex acuminate. Petals ovate-elliptic, 9-12 × 4-6 mm, 7-veined, apex subacute; lip adnate to entire length of column wings, 8-9 × 5-6 mm, 3-lobed above base; lateral lobes subsquare to ovate-triangular, ca. 2.5 × 2.5 mm, ca. 5 mm across their apices; mid-lobe flabellate or sometimes subobovate-cuneate, ca. 5 × 5-6 mm, margin undulate, apex truncate and mucronate; disk with 2 lunar calli between lateral lobes, though sometimes inconspicuous; spur slightly arcuate, clavate, 7-9 mm. Column ca. 5 mm, thick, dilated toward apex; rostellum triangular, ca. 3 mm, unlobed; pollinia clavate, subequal in size, ca. 2.1 mm, with conspicuous caudicles; viscidium sublinear, ca. 2.2 mm. Fl. (Apr-)Jul-Oct. 2n = 20*, 40*.
● Damp places in forests along valleys; 500-1500 m. S Hainan, Hong Kong, Taiwan.
二列叶虾脊兰Calanthe speciosa

二列叶虾脊兰Calanthe speciosa

二列叶虾脊兰Calanthe speciosa(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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