虾脊兰 Calanthe discolor
中文名（Chinese Name）：虾脊兰
学名（Scientific Name）：Calanthe discolor Lindl.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Calanthe cheniana Hand.-Mazz. Calanthe esquirolei Schltr. Alismorkis discolor (Lindl.) Kuntze Calanthe discolor f. kanashiroi (Fukuy.) K.Nakaj. Calanthe discolor var. kanashiroi Fukuy. Calanthe discolor f. quinquelamellata M.Hiroe Calanthe tyoh-harae Makino Calanthe variegata Scheidw. Alismorchis discolor (Lindl.) Kuntze
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）虾脊兰属
形态特征（Description）：根状茎不甚明显。假鳞茎粗短，近圆锥形，粗约1厘米，具3-4枚鞘和3枚叶。假茎长6-10厘米，粗达2厘米。叶在花期全部未展开，倒卵状长圆形至椭圆状长圆形，长达25厘米，宽4-9厘米，先端急尖或锐尖，基部收狭为长4-9厘米的柄，背面密被短毛。花葶从假茎上端的叶间抽出，长18-30厘米，密被短毛，总状花序长6-8厘米，疏生约10朵花；花苞片宿存，膜质，卵状披针形，长4-7毫米，先端渐尖或急尖，近无毛；花梗和子房长6-13毫米，弧曲，密被短毛，子房棒状；萼片和花瓣褐紫色；中萼片稍斜的椭圆形，长11-13毫米，中部宽6-7毫米，先端急尖，具5条脉，背面中部以下被短毛；侧萼片相似于中萼片；花瓣近长圆形或倒披针形，与萼片等长，或有时稍短，中部宽3.5-5毫米，先端稍钝，基部收狭，具3条脉，两侧的2条常分支，无毛；唇瓣白色，轮廓为扇形，与整个蕊柱翅合生，约等长于萼片，3深裂；侧裂片镰状倒卵形或楔状倒卵形，比中裂片大，先端向中裂片弯曲，基部约一半合生在蕊柱翅的外侧边缘；中裂片倒卵状楔形，先端深凹缺，前端边缘有时具不整齐的齿；唇盘上具3条膜片状褶片；褶片平直，全缘，延伸到中裂片的中部，前端呈三角形隆起；距圆筒形，伸直或稍弯曲，长5-10毫米，向末端变狭，外面疏被短毛；蕊柱长约4毫米，上端扩大，蕊柱翅下延到唇瓣基部；蕊喙2裂；裂片牙齿状三角形，长约0.6毫米，先端急尖；药帽在前端稍收狭，先端近截形；花粉团棒状，长约1.8毫米。花期4-5月。
分布（Distribution）：产浙江、江苏、福建、湖北、广东和贵州。生于海拔780～1500米的常绿阔叶林下。日本也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 294, 306
Calanthe discolor Lindley, Sert. Orchid. ad t. 9. 1838.
虾脊兰 xia ji lan| Orchidaceae | Calanthe
Alismorkis discolor (Lindley) Kuntze; Calanthe cheniana Handel-Mazzetti; C. esquirolei Schlechter.
Plants 40-65 cm tall. Rhizome inconspicuous. Pseudobulbs subconic, small, ca. 1 cm in diam., with 3 or 4 sheaths. Leaves 3, not well developed at anthesis, not deciduous; blade obovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, 13-25 × 3-9 cm, abaxially densely puberulent, apex acute; petiole-like base 3-9 cm, usually forming a pseudostem 6-10 cm long and ca. 2 cm in diam. Scapes 1 or 2, arising from leaf axil, 18-30 cm, densely puberulent; rachis 6-8 cm, laxly 6-10-flowered; floral bracts persistent, ovate-lanceolate, 4-7 mm, nearly glabrous. Flowers brownish purple, with white lip; pedicel and ovary 6-13 mm, densely puberulent. Sepals similar, elliptic, slightly oblique, 11-13 × 6-7 mm, abaxially puberulent below middle, 5-veined, apex acute. Petals suboblong or oblanceolate, 11-12 × 3.5-5 mm, glabrous, 3-veined, apex slightly obtuse; lip adnate to entire length of column wings, flabellate in outline, 10-13 × ca. 18 mm, deeply 3-lobed; lateral lobes falcate-obovate or cuneate-obovate, 9-10 × 6-9 mm, larger than mid-lobe, apex truncate-obtuse and incurved toward mid-lobe; mid-lobe obovate-cuneate, 7-8 × ca. 6 mm, apical margin sometimes irregularly dentate, apex emarginate; disk with 3 membranous, triangular lamellae extending to middle of mid-lobe; spur cylindric, 5-10 mm, outside sparsely puberulent, attenuate toward apex. Column ca. 4 mm, dilated at apex, wings decurrent to base of lip; rostellum 2-lobed; lobes ca. 0.6 mm; pollinia clavate, ca. 1.8 mm. Fl. Apr-May. 2n = 40.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 800-1500 m. Anhui, N Fujian, Guangdong, S Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Calanthe discolor Lindl.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Calanthe cheniana Hand.-Mazz. Calanthe esquirolei Schltr. Alismorkis discolor (Lindl.) Kuntze Calanthe discolor f. kanashiroi (Fukuy.) K.Nakaj. Calanthe discolor var. kanashiroi Fukuy. Calanthe discolor f. quinquelamellata M.Hiroe Calanthe tyoh-harae Makino Calanthe variegata Scheidw. Alismorchis discolor (Lindl.) Kuntze
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）虾脊兰属
形态特征（Description）：根状茎不甚明显。假鳞茎粗短，近圆锥形，粗约1厘米，具3-4枚鞘和3枚叶。假茎长6-10厘米，粗达2厘米。叶在花期全部未展开，倒卵状长圆形至椭圆状长圆形，长达25厘米，宽4-9厘米，先端急尖或锐尖，基部收狭为长4-9厘米的柄，背面密被短毛。花葶从假茎上端的叶间抽出，长18-30厘米，密被短毛，总状花序长6-8厘米，疏生约10朵花；花苞片宿存，膜质，卵状披针形，长4-7毫米，先端渐尖或急尖，近无毛；花梗和子房长6-13毫米，弧曲，密被短毛，子房棒状；萼片和花瓣褐紫色；中萼片稍斜的椭圆形，长11-13毫米，中部宽6-7毫米，先端急尖，具5条脉，背面中部以下被短毛；侧萼片相似于中萼片；花瓣近长圆形或倒披针形，与萼片等长，或有时稍短，中部宽3.5-5毫米，先端稍钝，基部收狭，具3条脉，两侧的2条常分支，无毛；唇瓣白色，轮廓为扇形，与整个蕊柱翅合生，约等长于萼片，3深裂；侧裂片镰状倒卵形或楔状倒卵形，比中裂片大，先端向中裂片弯曲，基部约一半合生在蕊柱翅的外侧边缘；中裂片倒卵状楔形，先端深凹缺，前端边缘有时具不整齐的齿；唇盘上具3条膜片状褶片；褶片平直，全缘，延伸到中裂片的中部，前端呈三角形隆起；距圆筒形，伸直或稍弯曲，长5-10毫米，向末端变狭，外面疏被短毛；蕊柱长约4毫米，上端扩大，蕊柱翅下延到唇瓣基部；蕊喙2裂；裂片牙齿状三角形，长约0.6毫米，先端急尖；药帽在前端稍收狭，先端近截形；花粉团棒状，长约1.8毫米。花期4-5月。
分布（Distribution）：产浙江、江苏、福建、湖北、广东和贵州。生于海拔780～1500米的常绿阔叶林下。日本也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 294, 306
Calanthe discolor Lindley, Sert. Orchid. ad t. 9. 1838.
虾脊兰 xia ji lan| Orchidaceae | Calanthe
Alismorkis discolor (Lindley) Kuntze; Calanthe cheniana Handel-Mazzetti; C. esquirolei Schlechter.
Plants 40-65 cm tall. Rhizome inconspicuous. Pseudobulbs subconic, small, ca. 1 cm in diam., with 3 or 4 sheaths. Leaves 3, not well developed at anthesis, not deciduous; blade obovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, 13-25 × 3-9 cm, abaxially densely puberulent, apex acute; petiole-like base 3-9 cm, usually forming a pseudostem 6-10 cm long and ca. 2 cm in diam. Scapes 1 or 2, arising from leaf axil, 18-30 cm, densely puberulent; rachis 6-8 cm, laxly 6-10-flowered; floral bracts persistent, ovate-lanceolate, 4-7 mm, nearly glabrous. Flowers brownish purple, with white lip; pedicel and ovary 6-13 mm, densely puberulent. Sepals similar, elliptic, slightly oblique, 11-13 × 6-7 mm, abaxially puberulent below middle, 5-veined, apex acute. Petals suboblong or oblanceolate, 11-12 × 3.5-5 mm, glabrous, 3-veined, apex slightly obtuse; lip adnate to entire length of column wings, flabellate in outline, 10-13 × ca. 18 mm, deeply 3-lobed; lateral lobes falcate-obovate or cuneate-obovate, 9-10 × 6-9 mm, larger than mid-lobe, apex truncate-obtuse and incurved toward mid-lobe; mid-lobe obovate-cuneate, 7-8 × ca. 6 mm, apical margin sometimes irregularly dentate, apex emarginate; disk with 3 membranous, triangular lamellae extending to middle of mid-lobe; spur cylindric, 5-10 mm, outside sparsely puberulent, attenuate toward apex. Column ca. 4 mm, dilated at apex, wings decurrent to base of lip; rostellum 2-lobed; lobes ca. 0.6 mm; pollinia clavate, ca. 1.8 mm. Fl. Apr-May. 2n = 40.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 800-1500 m. Anhui, N Fujian, Guangdong, S Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
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