虎刺Damnacanthus indicus

中文名(Chinese Name):虎刺
学名(Scientific Name):Damnacanthus indicus Gaertn. f.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):伏牛花、绣花针
异名(Synonym):Damnacanthus formosanus (Nakai) Koidz.  Damnacanthus indicus var. formosanus Nakai  Canthium gaertneri Steud.  Canthium indicum (P.Gaertn.) D.Dietr.
科属(Family & Genus):茜草科Rubiaceae虎刺属Damnacanthus
形态特征(Description):具刺灌木,高0.3-1米,具肉质链珠状根;茎下部少分枝,上部密集多回二叉分枝,幼嫩枝密被短粗毛,有时具4棱,节上托叶腋常生1针状刺;刺长0.4-2厘米。叶常大小叶对相间,大叶长1-2(-3)厘米,宽1(-1.5)厘米,小叶长可小于0.4厘米,卵形、心形或圆形,顶端锐尖,边全缘,基部常歪斜,钝、圆、截平或心形;中脉上面隆起,下面凸出,侧脉极细,每边3 (-4)条,上面光亮,无毛,下面仅脉处有疏短毛;叶柄长约1毫米,被短柔毛;托叶生叶柄间,初时呈2-4浅至深裂,后合生成三角形或戟形,易脱落。花两性,1-2朵生于叶腋,2朵者花柄基部常合生,有时在顶部叶腋可6朵排成具短总梗的聚伞花序;花梗长1-8毫米,基部两侧各具苞片1枚;苞片小,披针形或线形;花萼钟状,长约3毫米,绿色或具紫红色斑纹,几无毛,裂片4,常大小不一,三角形或钻形,长约1毫米,宿存;花冠白色,管状漏斗形,长0.9-1厘米,外面无毛,内面自喉部至冠管上部密被毛,檐部4裂,裂片椭圆形,长3-5毫米;雄蕊4,着生于冠管上部,花丝短,花药紫红色,内藏或稍外露;子房4室,每室具胚珠1颗,花柱外露或有时内藏,顶部(3-)4(-5)裂。核果红色,近球形,直径4-6毫米,具分核(1-)2-4。花期3-5月,果熟期冬季至次年春季。
分布(Distribution):产西藏、云南、贵州、四川、广西、广东、湖南、湖北、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾等省区。生于山地和丘陵的疏、密林下和石岩灌丛中。分布于印度北部和日本。
用途(Use):本种常被引种作庭园观赏,其根肉质,药用有祛风利湿、活血止痛之功效。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 19 Page 93, 94, 96, 97
Damnacanthus indicus C. F. Gaertner, Suppl. Carp. 18. 1805.
虎刺 hu ci| Rubiaceae  | Damnacanthus
Damnacanthus esquirolii H. Léveillé; D. formosanus (Nakai) Koidzumi; D. indicus var. formosanus Nakai; D. indicus var. lancifolius Makino; D. lancifolius (Makino) Koidzumi.
Shrubs, 0.3-1.5 m tall. Roots fleshy, moniliform. Branches densely hispidulous to hirtellous, sometimes becoming glabrescent, terete or sometimes 4-angled, with numerous persistent spines 3-20 mm. Petiole of developed leaves 0.5-3 mm, strigillose, hispidulous, or glabrescent; leaf blade drying stiffly papery to leathery and discolorous, ovate, cordiform, elliptic-ovate, elliptic, or broadly elliptic, 0.5-2(-3) × 0.5-1(-1.5) cm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially glabrous or sparsely hirtellous to strigillose along veins, base obtuse to rounded, truncate, or cordulate, sometimes oblique, margins entire and flat, apex acute; midrib thinly prominulous adaxially; secondary veins 2 or 3(or 4) pairs; stipules quickly fragmenting or caducous, interpetiolar, narrowly to broadly triangular, 0.3-1 mm, strigillose to glabrescent, acute to glandular-fimbriate. Inflorescences strigillose to hispidulous. Pedicels 0.5-8 mm. Calyx strigillose to glabrous; hypanthium portion turbinate, 1-1.5 mm; limb 0.8-2 mm, lobed for 1/4-4/5; lobes broadly triangular to narrowly triangular. Corolla white, glabrous outside; tube 7-9 mm; lobes elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, 2.5-5 mm. Drupes 4-6 mm in diam. Fl. Mar-Jun, fr. Mar-Jan.
Sparse or dense forests on hills or mountains, rocky thickets; 100-1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [N and NE India, Japan, Korea].
Naiki and Nagamasu (Amer. J. Bot. 91: 664-671. 2004) reported that populations they studied are either monomorphic, with only pin-type flowers, or distylous. Koidzumi (Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 158. 1934) reported Damnacanthus lancifolius from Yunnan and treated D. esquirolii as a synonym of that name; these names were apparently overlooked by Y. Z. Ruan (in FRPS 71(2): 169. 1999).
 虎刺Damnacanthus indicus

虎刺Damnacanthus indicus(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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