山麻杆Alchornea davidii

中文名(Chinese Name):山麻杆
学名(Scientific Name):Alchornea davidii Franch.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):荷包麻
异名(Synonym):Acalypha silvestri Pamp.
科属(Family & Genus):大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)山麻杆属
形态特征(Description):落叶灌木,高1-4(-5)米;嫩枝被灰白色短绒毛,一年生小枝具微柔毛。叶薄纸质,阔卵形或近圆形,长8-15厘米,宽7-14厘米,顶端渐尖,基部心形、浅心形或近截平,边缘具粗锯齿或具细齿,齿端具腺体,上面沿叶脉具短柔毛,下面被短柔毛,基部具斑状腺体2或4个;基出脉3条;小托叶线状,长3-4毫米,具短毛;叶柄长2-10厘米,具短柔毛,托叶披针形,长6-8毫米,基部宽1-1.5毫米,具短毛,早落。雌雄异株,雄花序穗状,1-3个生于一年生枝已落叶腋部,长1.5-2.5 (-3.5)厘米,花序梗几无,呈葇荑花序状,苞片卵形,长约2毫米,顶端近急尖,具柔毛,未开花时覆瓦状密生,雄花5-6朵簇生于苞腋,花梗长约2毫米,无毛,基部具关节;小苞片长约2毫米;雌花序总状,顶生,长4-8厘米,具花4-7朵,各部均被短柔毛,苞片三角形,长3.5毫米,小苞片披针形,长3.5毫米;花梗短,长约。5毫米;雄花:花萼花蕾时球形,无毛,直径约2毫米,萼片3(-4)枚;雄蕊6-8枚;雌花:萼片5枚,长三角形,长2.5-3毫米,具短柔毛;子房球形,被绒毛,花柱3枚,线状,长10-12毫米,合生部分长1.5-2毫米。蒴果近球形,具3圆棱,直径1-1.2厘米,密生柔毛;种子卵状三角形,长约6毫米,种皮淡褐色或灰色,具小瘤体。花期3-5月,果期6-7月。
分布(Distribution):产于陕西、四川、云南、贵州、广西、河南、湖北、湖南、江西、江苏、福建西部。生于海拔300-1000米沟谷或溪畔、河边的坡地灌丛中。
用途(Use):茎皮纤维为制纸原料;叶可作饲料。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 242      
Alchornea davidii Franchet, Pl. David. 1: 264. 1884.
山麻杆 shan ma gan | Euphorbiaceae  | Alchornea
Acalypha silvestrii Pampanini.
Deciduous shrubs, 1-5 m tall. Branchlets gray tomentulose, becoming puberulent. Stipules lanceolate, 6-8 mm, pubescent; petiole 2-10 cm, pubescent; leaf blade broadly ovate or subrounded, 8-15 × 7-14 cm, papery, abaxially puberulent, adaxially puberulous along veins, base cordate to subtruncate, with 2-4 glands, stipels filiform, 3-4 mm, margins dentate or serrulate, apex acuminate; basal veins 3. Plants dioecious. Male inflorescences 1-3 at leafless node, unbranched, catkinlike, 1.5-3.5 cm; peduncle subsessile; bracts ovate, ca. 2 mm, pubescent, overlapping in bud. Male flowers 3-5 per bract; pedicel ca. 2 mm; bud globose, ca. 2 mm in diam., glabrous; sepals 3(or 4); stamens 6-8. Female inflorescences terminal, unbranched, 4-8 cm, pubescent; bracts triangular, ca. 3.5 mm. Female flowers: pedicel ca. 0.5 mm; sepals 5, triangular, 2.5-3 mm, pubescent; ovary subglobose, tomentose; styles 3, filiform, 10-12 mm, connate for 1.5-2 mm. Capsule subglobose, 3-lobed, 10-12 mm, densely pubescent. Seeds ovoid, ca. 6 mm, brownish or gray, tuberculate. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Jul.
● Valleys, slopes of streams or rivers, deciduous forests; 300-2000 m. Fujian, NE Guangdong, N Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, NE Yunnan, Zhejiang.
山麻杆Alchornea davidii

山麻杆Alchornea davidii

山麻杆Alchornea davidii(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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