欧洲绣球荚蒾Viburnum opulus

欧洲绣球荚蒾Viburnum opulus

欧洲绣球荚蒾Viburnum opulus

欧洲绣球荚蒾Viburnum opulus

中文名(Chinese Name):欧洲绣球荚蒾
学名(Scientific Name):Viburnum opulus L.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):欧洲荚蒾
异名(Synonym):European cranberrybush
科属(Family & Genus):忍冬科(Caprifoliaceae)荚蒾属
形态特征(Description):落叶灌木,高达1.5-4米;当年小枝有棱,无毛,有明显凸起的皮孔,二年生小枝带色或红褐色,近圆柱形,老枝和茎干暗灰色,树皮质薄而非木栓质,常纵裂。冬芽卵圆形,有柄,有1对合生的外鳞片,无毛,内鳞片膜,基基部合生成筒状。叶轮廓圆卵形至广卵形或倒卵形,长6-12厘米,通常3裂,具掌状3出脉,基部圆形、截形或浅心形,无毛,裂片顶端渐尖,边缘具不整齐粗牙齿,侧裂片略向外开展;位于小枝上部的叶常较狭长,椭圆形至矩圆状披针形而不分裂,边缘疏生波状牙齿,或浅3裂而裂片全缘或近全缘,侧裂片短,中裂片伸长;叶柄粗壮,长1-2厘米,无毛,有2-4至多枚明显的长盘形腺体,基部有2钻形托叶。复伞形式聚伞花序直径5-10厘米,大多周围有大型的不孕花,总花梗粗壮,长2-5厘米,无毛,第一级辐射枝6-8条,通常7条,花生于第二至第三级辐射枝上,花梗极短;萼筒倒圆锥形,长约1毫米,萼齿三角形,均无毛;花冠白色,辐状,裂片近圆形,长约1毫米;大小稍不等,筒与裂片几等长,内被长柔毛;雄蕊长至少为花冠的1.5倍,花药黄白色,长不到1毫米;花柱不存,柱头2裂;不孕花白色,直径1.3-2.5厘米,有长梗,裂片宽倒卵形,顶圆形,不等形。果实红色,近圆形,直径8-10 (-12) 毫米;核扁,近圆形,直径7-9毫米,灰白色,稍粗糙,无纵沟。花期5-6月,果熟期9-10月。
分布(Distribution):产新疆西北部。生于河谷云杉林下,海拔1000-1600米。分布于欧洲和苏联高加索与远东地区。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 19 Page 573, 610      
Viburnum opulus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 268. 1753.
欧洲荚蒾 ou zhou jia mi | Adoxaceae  | Viburnum
Shrubs, deciduous, to 6 m tall. Bark dark gray, thin or thick, corky or not. Branchlets of current year green-brownish, sometimes reddish, glabrous or pubescent, with conspicuously raised lenticels; branchlets of previous year yellowish or red-brown, terete, glabrous, with dispersed, small, rounded lenticels. Winter buds ovoid, stipitate, 4-6 mm, with 2 pairs of connate scales, inner scales membranous, base connate into a tube; scales glabrous. Leaves always opposite, not clustered at apices of branchlets; stipules 2, persistent, subulate, 1-5 mm; petiole green or reddish, robust, 1-5 cm, glabrous or pubescent, with 2-4 or more discoid glands near apex; leaf blade green when young, orbicular-ovate to broadly ovate or obovate, 6-12 × 5-10 cm, papery, abaxially spreading hairy especially on veins and vein axils, adaxially almost glabrous, midvein raised abaxially, 3-palmatinerved, veins straight or slightly arched, branched, ending in teeth, conspicuously raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, slightly raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, usually 3-lobed, leaves at apices of branches sometimes undivided, base rounded, truncate, or shallowly cordate, without glands, middle lobe often largest, margin irregularly dentate, apices of lobes acute, lateral lobes present, sometimes slightly spreading toward outside. Leaves on upper part of branchlets often narrow and longer, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate and not divided, margin sparsely crenate or shallowly 3-lobed; lobes entire or subentire, lateral lobes short, middle lobes elongated. Flowers appearing after leaves; inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, terminal, 5-12 cm in diam.; rays whorled; first node of inflorescence with 6-8 rays, dense, glabrous or with simple hairs, with 5-10 large sterile radiant flowers, or totally composed of large sterile flowers; peduncle robust, 2-5 cm, glabrous or pubescent; bracts and bracteoles deciduous, leaflike, green, lanceolate, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Flowers on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders, not fragrant, very shortly pedicellate. Sterile flowers: calyx like fertile flowers, corolla white, 1.3-2.5 cm in diam., long pedicellate; lobes broadly obovate, apex rounded, unequally shaped; stamens and pistils not developed. Fertile flowers: calyx green; tube obconical, ca. 1 mm, glabrous; lobes triangular, ca. 0.6 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse; corolla white, rotate, 4-5 mm in diam., outside glabrous, inside pubescent; tube 1-2 mm; lobes spreading or reflexed, suborbicular, 1-1.5 mm, slightly unequal in size, apex rounded, margin entire; stamens conspicuously exceeding corolla, inserted near base of corolla; filaments ca. 4 mm; anthers yellow-whitish, or purple, ca. 1 mm; styles slightly exceeding calyx lobes; stigmas 2-lobed. Fruit initially turning yellow, maturing red, suborbicular, 8-10(-12) mm in diam., base rounded, apex rounded, glabrous; pyrenes compressed, subglobose, 7-9 mm in diam., without grooves, apex rounded. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct. 2n = 18*.
Forests, scrub, thickets; 1000-2200 m. Anhui, S Gansu, N Hebei, Heilongjiang, W Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, S Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, NW Xinjiang, NW Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; Europe].
(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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