狼尾草Pennisetum alopecuroides

中文名(Chinese Name):狼尾草
学名(Scientific Name):Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Cenchrus purpurascens Thunb.  Pennisetum compressum R. Br.  Pennisetum dispiculatum L. C. Chia  Pennisetum alopecuroides var. erythrochaetum Ohwi  Pennisetum chinense Steud.  Pennisetum japonicum Trin.  Strobilanthes japonica var. viridescens Miq.  Gymnotrix japonica (Spreng.) Kunth  Pennisetum indicum var. purpurascens (Thunb.) Kuntze  Catatherophora hordeiformis (L.) Steud.  Trichoon paniceus Willd. ex Steud.  Gymnotrix thouarsii Steud.  Chamaeraphis compressa (R.Br.) Poir. ex Steud.  Pennisetum sordidum Koidz.  Setaria atroseta Steud.  Pennisetum alopecuroides subsp. sordidum (Koidz.) T.Koyama  Pennisetum cylindricum Trin.  Gymnotrix nigricans J.Presl  Gymnotrix compressa (R.Br.) Brongn.  Pennisetum alopecuroides var. albiflorum Y.N.Lee  Pennisetum alopecuroides f. erythrochaetum (Ohwi) Ohwi  Pennisetum alopecuroides f. purpurascens (Thunb.) Ohwi  Pennisetum alopecuroides f. viridescens (Miq.) Ohwi  Gymnotrix japonica var. viridescens Miq.  Gymnotrix hordeiformis (L.) Nees  Pennisetum alopecuroides f. anacanthum Hayashi  Pennisetum javanicum Ohwi  Penicillaria chinensis (Steud.) Nees ex A.Braun  Panicum aristidoides Willd. ex Spreng.  Pennisetum aristidoides Willd. ex Spreng.  Pennisetum hordeiforme (L.) Spreng.  Panicum cynosuroides L.  Panicum hordeiforme (L.) Thunb.  Alopecurus indicus L.  Gymnotrix cenchroides Roem. & Schult.  Pennisetum setaceum subsp. asperifolium (Desf.) Maire  Cenchrus asperifolius Desf.  Setaria compressa (R.Br.) Kunth  Cenchrus compressus (R. Br.) Morrone  Pennisetum setaceum var. asperifolium (Desf.) Maire
科属(Family & Genus):禾本科Gramineae狼尾草属Pennisetum
形态特征(Description):多年生。须根较粗壮。秆直立,丛生,高30-120厘米,在花序下密生柔毛。叶鞘光滑,两侧压扁,主脉呈脊,在基部者跨生状,秆上部者长于节间;叶舌具长约2.5毫米纤毛;叶片线形,长10-80厘米,宽3-8毫米,先端长渐尖,基部生疣毛。圆锥花序直立,长5-25厘米,宽1.5-3.5厘米;主轴密生柔毛;总梗长2-3(-5)毫米;刚毛粗糙,淡绿色或紫色,长1.5-3厘米;小穗通常单生,偶有双生,线状披针形,长5-8毫米;第一颖微小或缺,长1-3毫米,膜质,先端钝,脉不明显或具1脉;第二颖卵状披针形,先端短尖,具3-5脉,长约为小穗1/3-2/3;第一小花中性,第一外稃与小穗等长,具7-11脉;第二外稃与小穗等长,披针形,具5-7脉,边缘包着同质的内稃;鳞被2,楔形;雄蕊3,花药顶端无毫毛;花柱基部联合。颖果长圆形,长约3.5毫米。叶片表皮细胞结构为上下表皮不同;上表皮脉间细胞2-4行为长筒状、有波纹、壁薄的长细胞;下表皮脉间5-9行为长筒形,壁厚,有波纹长细胞与短细胞交叉排列。
分布(Distribution):我国自东北、华北经华东、中南及西南各省区均有分布;多生于海拔50-3 200米的田岸、荒地、道旁及小山坡上。日本、印度、朝鲜、缅甸、巴基斯坦、越南、菲律宾、马来西亚、大洋洲及非洲也有分布。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 22 Page 549, 550 
Pennisetum alopecuroides (Linnaeus) Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 1: 303. 1825.
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Panicum alopecuroides Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 55. 1753; Cenchrus purpurascens Thunberg; Gymnotrix japonica (Trinius) Kunth var. viridescens Miquel; Pennisetum alopecuroides var. erythrochaetum Ohwi; P. chinense Steudel; P. compressum R. Brown; P. dispiculatum L. C. Chia; P. japonicum Trinius; P. purpurascens (Thunberg) Kuntze (1891), not Kunth (1816).
Perennial forming dense tussocks. Culms stout, 30–120 cm tall, hispid below inflorescence. Leaf sheaths papery, keeled, imbricate at culm base; leaf blades linear, flat or often involute, 10–80 × 0.3–1 cm, base papillose-hispid, apex long acuminate; ligule 0.5–2.5 mm. Inflorescence linear, 5–25 × 1.5–3.5 cm; axis hispid, peduncle stumps short with crateriform tips; involucre usually enclosing one spikelet, rarely 2, basal stipe (1–)2–3 mm; bristles greenish or purple, longest 2–3 cm but not conspicuously longer than the others, all slender, hispid. Spikelet lanceolate, 5–8 mm; lower glume 0.6–3 mm, 0–1-veined, obtuse; upper glume ovate-lanceolate, 1/3–2/3 as long as spikelet, 3–5-veined; lower lemma as long as spikelet, 7–11-veined; upper lemma lanceolate, as long as spikelet, papery, acuminate; anthers usually glabrous, occasionally with 1 or 2 hairs at tip. Fl. and fr. summer and autumn. 2n = 18.
Grassy hillsides, roadsides, field margins; sea level to 3200 m. Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Tianjin, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [NE India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines; Australia, Pacific Islands (Polynesia)].
This species is used for forage.
 狼尾草Pennisetum alopecuroides

狼尾草Pennisetum alopecuroides
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