菘蓝Isatis tinctoria

中文名(Chinese Name):菘蓝
学名(Scientific Name):Isatis tinctoria Linn.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Isatis indigotica Fortune  Isatis oblongata var. yezoensis (Ohwi) Y. L. Chang  Isatis tinctoria var. indigotica (Fortune) T. Y. Cheo et K. C. Kuan  Isatis yezoensis Ohwi  Isatis tinctoria var. yezoensis (Ohwi) Ohwi  Isatis bannatica Link  Isatis campestris Steven  Isatis canescens DC.  Isatis ciesielskii Zapal.  Isatis japonica Miq.  Isatis kamienskii Zapal.  Isatis koelzii Rech.f.  Isatis macrocarpa B. Fedtsch. ex E. Nikitina  Isatis maeotica DC.  Isatis maritima Rupr.  Isatis praecox Kit. ex Tratt.  Isatis reticulata C.A. Mey.  Isatis sibirica Trautv.  Isatis taurica M.Bieb.  Isatis transsilvanica Simonk.  Isatis villarsii Gaudin  Isatis tinctoria subsp. campestris (Steven) Kulcz.  Isatis tinctoria subsp. canescens (DC.) Malag.  Isatis tinctoria subsp. koelzii (Rech.f.) Jafri  Isatis tinctoria subsp. praecox (Kit. ex Tratt.) Domin & Podp.  Isatis tinctoria subsp. tinctoria L.  Isatis tinctoria var. canescens (DC.) Gren. & Godr.  Isatis tinctoria var. vulgaris W.D.J. Koch  Crucifera isatis E.H.L.Krause  Isatis tinctoria subsp. oblongata (DC.) N. Busch
科属Family & Genus):十字花科Cruciferae菘蓝属Isatis
形态特征Description):二年生草本,高40-100厘米;茎直立,绿色,顶部多分枝,植株光滑无毛,带白粉霜。基生叶莲座状,长圆形至宽倒披针形,长5-15厘米,宽1.5-4厘米,顶端钝或尖,基部渐狭,全缘或稍具波状齿,具柄;基生叶蓝绿色,长椭圆形或长圆状披针形,长7-15厘米,宽1-4厘米,基部叶耳不明显或为圆形。萼片宽卵形或宽披针形,长2-2.5毫米;花瓣黄白,宽楔形,长3-4毫米,顶端近平截,具短爪。短角果近长圆形,扁平,无毛,边缘有翅;果梗细长,微下垂。种子长圆形,长3-3.5毫米,淡褐色。花期4-5月,果期5-6月。
分布(Distribution):原产我国,全国各地均有栽培。
用途(Use):根(板蓝根)、叶(大青叶)均供药用,有清热解毒、凉血消斑、利咽止痛的功效。叶还可提取蓝色染料;种子榨油,供工业用。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 8 Page 36     
Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 670. 1753.
菘蓝 song lan | Brassicaceae  | Isatis
Isatis indigotica Fortune; I. oblongata de Candolle var. yezoensis (Ohwi) Y. L. Chang; I. tinctoria var. indigotica (Fortune) T. Y. Cheo & K. C. Kuan; I. tinctoria var. yezoensis (Ohwi) Ohwi; I. yezoensis Ohwi.
Herbs biennial, (30-)40-100(-150) cm tall. Stems branched above, glabrous and somewhat glaucous, or hirsute, often paniculately branched. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole 0.5-5.5 cm; leaf blade oblong or oblanceolate, (2.5-)5-15(-20) × (0.5-)1.5-3.5(-5) cm, base attenuate, margin entire, repand, or dentate, apex obtuse. Middle cauline leaves sessile; leaf blade oblong or lanceolate, rarely linear-oblong, (1.5-)3-7(-12) × (0.2-)0.8-2.5(-3.5) cm, base sagittate or auriculate and with acute or obtuse auricles, margin entire, apex acute. Fruiting pedicels slender, considerably thickened and subclavate at apex, 5-10 mm. Sepals oblong, 1.5-2.8 × 1-1.5 mm, glabrous. Petals yellow, oblanceolate, 2.5-4 × 0.9-1.5 mm, base attenuate, apex obtuse. Filaments 1-2.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.5-0.7 mm. Fruit black or dark brown when mature, oblong-oblanceolate, elliptic-obovate, or rarely oblong, (0.9-)1.1-2(-2.7) cm × 3-6(-10) mm, often broader above middle, glabrous or pubescent, winged all around, base cuneate, margin sometimes slightly constricted, apex subacute, rounded, or rarely subemarginate; locule 3-6(-10) mm, with a distinct midvein and inconspicuous lateral veins; apical wing 3.5-5(-7) mm wide. Seeds light brown, narrowly oblong, 2.3-3.5(-4.5) × 0.8-1 mm. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. May-Jul. 2n = 14, 28*.
Fields, pastures, roadsides, waste places; 600-2800 m. Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, Europe; naturalized elsewhere].
The above first record of Isatis tinctoria from Xizang is based on Falconer s.n. (K). Isatis tinctoria is a European and probably Asian species very polymorphic in fruit shape, shape and size of auricles of cauline leaves, and the amount of indumentum. It has been cultivated since ancient times as a source of a dark blue dye (woad) obtained by fermenting the leaves and lower portions of the plant. Glabrous forms with oblong fruit and poorly developed or obtuse leaf auricles have been recognized as I. indigotica. By contrast, glabrous or hairy forms with cuneiform or oblong-triangular fruit and well-developed, often acute leaf auricles are called I. tinctoria. However, every conceivable morphological intermediate between the two forms occurs in China, as well as elsewhere in Asia, Europe, and North America, where they are introduced and naturalized.
The roots and leaves are used for medicinal purposes and a source of dye, and the seed oil is used in industry.
 菘蓝Isatis tinctoria

菘蓝Isatis tinctoria

菘蓝Isatis tinctoria
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