茵陈蒿Artemisia capillaris

中文名(Chinese Name):茵陈蒿
学名(Scientific Name):Artemisia capillaris Thunb.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):因尘、因陈、茵陈、茵陈蒿、绵茵陈
异名Synonym):Artemisia capillaris var. arbuscula Miq.  Artemisia sacchalinensis TilBess.  Artemisia hallaisanensis formosana var. philippinensis Pamp.  Oligosporus capillaris (Thunb.) Poljak.  Artemisia scoparia var. heteromorpha Kitag.  Artemisia scoparia f. sericea Kom.
科属Family & Genus):菊科Compositae蒿属Artemisia
形态特征Description):半灌木状草本,植株有浓烈的香气。主根明显木质,垂直或斜向下伸长;根茎直径 5-8毫米,直立,稀少斜上展或横卧,常有细的营养枝。茎单生或少数,高40-120厘米或 更长,红褐色或褐色,有不明显的纵棱,基部木质,上部分枝多,向上斜伸展;茎、枝初时密生灰白色或灰黄色绢质柔毛,后渐稀疏或脱落无毛。营养枝端有密集叶丛,基生叶密集着 生,常成莲座状;基生叶、茎下部叶与营养枝叶两面均被棕黄色或灰黄色绢质柔毛,后期茎 下部叶被毛脱落,叶卵圆形或卵状椭圆形,长2-4(-5)厘米,宽1.5-3.5厘米,二(至 三)回羽状全裂,每侧有裂片2-3(-4)枚,每裂片再3-5全裂,小裂片狭线形或狭线状 披针形,通常细直,不弧曲,长5-10毫米,宽0.5-1.5(-2)毫米,叶柄长3-7毫米,花期上述叶均萎谢;中部叶宽卵形、近圆形或卵圆形,长2-3厘米,宽1.5-2.5厘米,(一至)二回羽状全裂,小裂片狭线形或丝线形,通常细直、不弧曲,长8-12毫米,宽0.3-1毫米,近无毛,顶端微尖,基部裂片常半抱茎,近无叶柄;上部叶与苞片叶羽状5全裂或3全裂,基部裂片半抱茎。头状花序卵球形,稀近球形,多数,直径1.5-2毫米,有短梗及线形的小苞叶,在分枝的上端或小枝端偏向外侧生长,常排成复总状花序,并在茎上端组成大型、开展的圆锥花序;总苞片3-4层,外层总苞片草质,卵形或椭圆形,背面淡黄色,有绿色中肋,无毛,边膜质,中、内层总苞片椭圆形,近膜质或膜质;花序托小,凸起;雌花6-10朵,花冠狭管状或狭圆锥状,檐部具2(-3)裂齿,花柱细长,伸出花冠外,先端2叉,叉端尖锐;两性花3-7朵,不孕育,花冠管状,花药线形,先端附属物尖,长三角形,基部圆钝,花柱短,上端棒状,2裂,不叉开,退化子房极小。瘦果长圆形或长卵形。花果期7-10月。
分布(Distribution):产辽宁、河北、陕西、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、广西及四川等;生于低海拔地区河岸、海岸附近的湿润沙地、路旁及低山坡地区。朝鲜、日本、菲律宾、越南、柬埔寨、马来西亚、印度尼西亚及苏联也有。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版: FOC Vol. 20-21 Page 721, 729
Artemisia capillaris Thunberg, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3: 209. 1780.
茵陈蒿 yin chen hao | Asteraceae  | Artemisia
Artemisia capillaris var. acaulis Pampanini, p.p.; A. capillaris var. arbuscula Miquel; A. capillaris f. glabra Pampanini; A. capillaris var. sacchalinensis (Tilesius ex Besser) Pampanini; A. capillaris f. sericea (Nakai) Pampanini; A. capillaris var. sericea Nakai; A. hallaisanensis Nakai var. formosana Pampanini; A. hallaisanensis f. parvula Pampanini; A. hallaisanensis var. philippinensis Pampanini; A. hallaisanensis f. swatowiana Pampanini; A. sacchalinensis Tilesius ex Besser; Oligosporus capillaris (Thunberg) Poljakov.
Herbs, biennial or perennial, 30-80(-100) cm tall; rootstock vertical, woody; stems usually 1 to few, slender, erect, pale purplish or reddish brown, glabrous. Basal leaves silky hairy, shortly petiolate. Middle stem leaves almost sessile; leaf blade oblong-ovate, 2-4 × 1-2.5 cm, 1- or 2-pinnatisect; segments filiform, 8-12 × 0.3-0.5 mm, ± acute. Uppermost leaves and leaflike bracts simple, filiform with 1 or 2 basal auricles. Synflorescence a narrow to wide panicle, 10-30 × 5-15 cm; primary branches 8-20 cm, ascending, bearing 3-8 cm, ± patent secondary branches. Capitula many, shortly pedunculate to sessile, secund, approximate, nodding. Involucre ovoid, ca. 1.75-2.25 × 1-1.5 mm; phyllaries 3- or 4-seriate, laxly imbricate, glabrous; outermost ovate, ca. 0.75 mm, green with narrow membranous margin, ± acute; inner ones elliptic, ca. 1.25 mm, with broad membranous margin, obtuse. Receptacle conical, glabrous. Florets 8-12, yellow. Marginal female florets 3-5; corolla narrowly tubular, ca. 0.75 mm, 2-toothed. Disk florets 5-7, male; corolla narrowly conical, ca. 1.25 mm, 5-toothed, glandular. Achenes brown, oblong-ovate, ca. 0.8 mm.
Humid slopes, hills, terraces, roadsides, riverbanks; 100-2700 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, E Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, E and S Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, E Russia, Vietnam].
Artemisia capillaris is well known as a source of diuretic and detoxifying medicines.
 茵陈蒿Artemisia capillaris
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