白头翁Pulsatilla chinensis

中文名(Chinese Name):白头翁
学名(Scientific Name):Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):羊胡子花、毛姑朵花
异名(Synonym):Anemone chinensis Bunge  Pulsatilla × kissii Mandl  Anemone pulsatilla var. chinensis (Bunge) Finet & Gagnep.
科属(Family & Genus):毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)白头翁属
形态特征(Description):植株高15-35厘米。根状茎粗0.8-1.5厘米。基生叶4-5,通常在开花时刚刚生出,有长柄;叶片宽卵形,长4.5-14厘米,宽6.5-16厘米,三全裂,中全裂片有柄或近无柄,宽卵形,三深裂,中深裂片楔状倒卵形,少有狭楔形或倒梯形,全缘或有齿,侧深裂片不等二浅裂,侧全裂片无柄或近无柄,不等三深裂,表面变无毛,背面有长柔毛;叶柄长7-15厘米,有密长柔毛。花葶1(-2),有柔毛;苞片3,基部合生成长3-10毫米的筒,三深裂,深裂片线形,不分裂或上部三浅裂,背面密被长柔毛;花梗长2.5-5.5厘米,结果时长达23厘米;花直立;萼片蓝紫色,长圆状卵形,长2.8-4.4厘米,宽0.9-2厘米,背面有密柔毛;雄蕊长约为萼片之半。聚合果直径9-12厘米;瘦果纺锤形,扁,长3.5-4毫米,有长柔毛,宿存花柱长3.5-6.5厘米,有向上斜展的长柔毛。4月至5月开花。
分布(Distribution):分布于四川、湖北、江苏、安徽、河南、甘肃、陕西、山西、山东、河北、内蒙古、东北,生平原和低山山坡草丛中、林边或干早多石的坡地。朝鲜和俄罗斯远东地区也有。
用途(Use):根状茎药用,治热毒血痢、温疟、鼻衄、痔疮出血等症(中药志)。根状茎水浸液可作土农药、能防治地老虎、蚜虫、蝇蛆、孑孓,以及小麦锈病、马铃薯晚疫病等病虫害(中国土农药志)。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 6 Page 330
Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel, Tent. Fl.-Ussur. 5. 1861. 1861.
白头翁 bai tou weng| Ranunculaceae  | Pulsatilla
Anemone chinensis Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. 2. 1833.
Plants 15--35 cm tall. Rhizome ca. 0.8--1.5 cm in diam. Leaves 4 or 5, not fully expanded at anthesis; petiole 7--15 cm, densely long pilose; leaf blade broadly ovate, 4.5--14(--24) × 6.5--16(--25) cm, 3-foliolate, abaxially thickly pilose, adaxially glabrous, margin entire or toothed; lateral leaflets unequally 2-lobed, sessile or subsessile; central leaflet petiolulate or sessile, broadly ovate, 3-lobed, central lobe obovate. Scape 1(or 2), 2.5--5.5 cm, to 23 cm in fruit, puberulent; involucral bracts puberulent, basally connate into a 3--10 mm tube, apically palmately 3-lobed, each lobe linear, margin entire or slightly 3-lobed. Sepals violet, erect, oblong-ovate, 2.8--4.4 × 0.9--2 cm, abaxially puberulent. Stamens ca. 1/2 as long as sepals; anthers yellow. Infructescences 9--12 cm in diam. Achenes 3.5--4 mm, flattened, sparsely puberulent. Persistent styles 3.5--6.5 cm. Fl. Mar--May, fr. Jun--Jul.
Forest margins, slopes; 200--3200 m. Anhui, S Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, E Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, W Sichuan [Korea, Russia (Far East)].
Pulsatilla chinensis var. kissii (Mandl) S. H. Li & Y. H. Huang (Fl. Pl. Herb. Chinae Bor.-Orient. 3: 162. 1975) has been proposed for plants growing on dry slopes in S Liaoning. The basionym Pulsatilla ´ kissii Mandl (Oesterr. Bot. Z. 71: 178. 1922) was originally described as a hybrid between P. chinensis and P. cernua which it seems quite likely to be.
白头翁Pulsatilla chinensis

白头翁Pulsatilla chinensis(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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