长叶车前Plantago lanceolata
中文名（Chinese Name）：长叶车前
学名（Scientific Name）：Plantago lanceolata L.
英文名（English Common Name）：narrowleaf plantain
别名（Chinese Common Name）：窄叶车前、欧车前
异名（Synonym）：Plantago lanceolata var. sphaerostachya Mert. & Koch Arnoglossum lanceolatum Gray Lagopus lanceolatus Fourr. Lagopus timbali Fourr.
科属（Family & Genus）：车前科（Plantaginaceae）车前属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本。直根粗长。根茎粗短，不分枝或分枝。叶基生呈莲座状，无毛或散生柔毛；叶片纸质，线状披针形、披针形或椭圆状披针形，长6-20厘米，宽0.5-4.5厘米，先端渐尖至急尖，边缘全缘或具极疏的小齿，基部狭楔形，下延，脉（3-）5（-7)条；叶柄细，长2-10厘米，基部略扩大成鞘状，有长柔毛。花序3-15个；花序梗直立或弓曲上升，长10-60厘米，有明显的纵沟槽，棱上多少贴生柔毛；穗状花序幼时通常呈圆锥状卵形，成长后变短圆柱状或头状，长1-5 (-8)厘米，紧密；苞片卵形或椭圆形，长2.5-5毫米，先端膜质，尾状，龙骨突匙形，密被长粗毛。花萼长2-3.5毫米，萼片龙骨突不达顶端，背面常有长粗毛，膜质侧片宽，前对萼片至近顶端合生，宽倒卵圆形，边缘有疏毛，两条龙骨突较细，不联合，后对萼片分生，宽卵形，龙骨突成扁平的脊。花冠白色，无毛，冠筒约与萼片等长或稍长，裂片披针形或卵状披针形，长1.5-3毫米，先端尾状急尖，中脉明显，干后淡褐色，花后反折。雄蕊着生于冠筒内面中部，与花柱明显外伸，花药椭圆形，长2.5-3毫米，先端有卵状三角形小尖头，白色至淡黄色。胚珠2-3。蒴果狭卵球形，长3-4毫米，于基部上方周裂。种子（1-）2，狭椭圆形至长卵形，长2-2.6毫米，淡褐色至黑褐色，有光泽，腹面内凹成船形；子叶左右向排列。花期5-6月，果期6-7月。
分布（Distribution）：产辽宁、甘肃、新疆、山东，生于海拔900米以下海滩、河滩、草原湿地、山坡多石处或沙质地、路边、荒地。欧洲、俄罗斯、蒙古、朝鲜、北美洲有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 19 Page 496, 501
Plantago lanceolata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 113. 1753.
长叶车前 chang ye che qian| Plantaginaceae | Plantago
Herbs, perennial. Taproot long and thick. Leaves basal, glabrous or pubescent; petiole tenuous, 2-10 cm; leaf blade linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, or elliptic-lanceolate, 6-20 × 0.5-4.5 cm, papery, veins (3 or)5(or 7), base narrowly cuneate and decurrent onto petiole, margin entire or remotely denticulate, apex acuminate to acute. Spikes conic-ovoid at first but later capitate to shortly cylindric, 1-5(-8) cm, densely flowered; peduncle 10-60 cm, 5-sulcate, appressed pubescent; bracts ovate to elliptic, 3.5-5 mm, densely hirsute, keel spatulate, apex scarious and caudate. Sepals 2-3.5 mm, abaxially usually hirsute, keel narrow and not extending to apex; lower sepals connate to near apex, broadly obovate, 2-keeled, margin with sparse trichomes; upper sepals distinct, broadly ovate. Corolla white, glabrous; lobes ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-3 mm, patent to reflexed, apex shortly acuminate. Stamens adnate to near middle of corolla tube, exserted; anthers white or yellowish, ellipsoid, 2.5-3 mm. Pyxis narrowly ovoid, 3-4 mm, circumscissile near base, with (1 or)2 seeds. Seeds brown to dark brown, narrowly ellipsoid to oblong, 2-2.6 mm, shiny, with a broad groove on ventral face; cotyledons vertical to ventral side. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 12*, 14, 24.
Seasides, meadows, boggy places, stony mountain slopes, gravel beds, sandy area, roadsides, wastelands; near sea level to 900 m. Gansu, Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; N Africa, SW Asia, Europe, North America].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Plantago lanceolata L.
英文名（English Common Name）：narrowleaf plantain
别名（Chinese Common Name）：窄叶车前、欧车前
异名（Synonym）：Plantago lanceolata var. sphaerostachya Mert. & Koch Arnoglossum lanceolatum Gray Lagopus lanceolatus Fourr. Lagopus timbali Fourr.
科属（Family & Genus）：车前科（Plantaginaceae）车前属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本。直根粗长。根茎粗短，不分枝或分枝。叶基生呈莲座状，无毛或散生柔毛；叶片纸质，线状披针形、披针形或椭圆状披针形，长6-20厘米，宽0.5-4.5厘米，先端渐尖至急尖，边缘全缘或具极疏的小齿，基部狭楔形，下延，脉（3-）5（-7)条；叶柄细，长2-10厘米，基部略扩大成鞘状，有长柔毛。花序3-15个；花序梗直立或弓曲上升，长10-60厘米，有明显的纵沟槽，棱上多少贴生柔毛；穗状花序幼时通常呈圆锥状卵形，成长后变短圆柱状或头状，长1-5 (-8)厘米，紧密；苞片卵形或椭圆形，长2.5-5毫米，先端膜质，尾状，龙骨突匙形，密被长粗毛。花萼长2-3.5毫米，萼片龙骨突不达顶端，背面常有长粗毛，膜质侧片宽，前对萼片至近顶端合生，宽倒卵圆形，边缘有疏毛，两条龙骨突较细，不联合，后对萼片分生，宽卵形，龙骨突成扁平的脊。花冠白色，无毛，冠筒约与萼片等长或稍长，裂片披针形或卵状披针形，长1.5-3毫米，先端尾状急尖，中脉明显，干后淡褐色，花后反折。雄蕊着生于冠筒内面中部，与花柱明显外伸，花药椭圆形，长2.5-3毫米，先端有卵状三角形小尖头，白色至淡黄色。胚珠2-3。蒴果狭卵球形，长3-4毫米，于基部上方周裂。种子（1-）2，狭椭圆形至长卵形，长2-2.6毫米，淡褐色至黑褐色，有光泽，腹面内凹成船形；子叶左右向排列。花期5-6月，果期6-7月。
分布（Distribution）：产辽宁、甘肃、新疆、山东，生于海拔900米以下海滩、河滩、草原湿地、山坡多石处或沙质地、路边、荒地。欧洲、俄罗斯、蒙古、朝鲜、北美洲有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 19 Page 496, 501
Plantago lanceolata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 113. 1753.
长叶车前 chang ye che qian| Plantaginaceae | Plantago
Herbs, perennial. Taproot long and thick. Leaves basal, glabrous or pubescent; petiole tenuous, 2-10 cm; leaf blade linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, or elliptic-lanceolate, 6-20 × 0.5-4.5 cm, papery, veins (3 or)5(or 7), base narrowly cuneate and decurrent onto petiole, margin entire or remotely denticulate, apex acuminate to acute. Spikes conic-ovoid at first but later capitate to shortly cylindric, 1-5(-8) cm, densely flowered; peduncle 10-60 cm, 5-sulcate, appressed pubescent; bracts ovate to elliptic, 3.5-5 mm, densely hirsute, keel spatulate, apex scarious and caudate. Sepals 2-3.5 mm, abaxially usually hirsute, keel narrow and not extending to apex; lower sepals connate to near apex, broadly obovate, 2-keeled, margin with sparse trichomes; upper sepals distinct, broadly ovate. Corolla white, glabrous; lobes ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-3 mm, patent to reflexed, apex shortly acuminate. Stamens adnate to near middle of corolla tube, exserted; anthers white or yellowish, ellipsoid, 2.5-3 mm. Pyxis narrowly ovoid, 3-4 mm, circumscissile near base, with (1 or)2 seeds. Seeds brown to dark brown, narrowly ellipsoid to oblong, 2-2.6 mm, shiny, with a broad groove on ventral face; cotyledons vertical to ventral side. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 12*, 14, 24.
Seasides, meadows, boggy places, stony mountain slopes, gravel beds, sandy area, roadsides, wastelands; near sea level to 900 m. Gansu, Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; N Africa, SW Asia, Europe, North America].
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