芍药Paeonia lactiflora
中文名（Chinese Name）：芍药
学名（Scientific Name）：Paeonia lactiflora Pall.
英文名（English Common Name）：Chinese peony
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Paeonia lactiflora var. trichocarpa (Bunge) Stern Paeonia yui W. P. Fang Paeonia albiflora Pall. Paeonia albiflora var. trichocarpa Bunge Paeonia lactiflora var. villosa M. S. Yan et K. Sun Paeonia sinensis Hort ex Steud. Paeonia albiflora var. humei Sabine Paeonia humei (Sabine) Vilm. Paeonia albiflora var. fragrans Sabine Paeonia fragrans (Sabine) Redoute Paeonia albiflora var. hirta Regel Paeonia albiflora var. purpurea Korsh. Paeonia albiflora var. spontanea Makino Paeonia albiflora var. trichocarpa f. nuda Nakai Paeonia lactiflora f. nuda (Nakai) Kitag. Paeonia lactiflora f. pilosella (Nakai) Kitag. Paeonia albiflora var. typica Huth Paeonia albiflora var. whitleyi Sabine Paeonia edulis Salisb. Paeonia albiflora var. edulis (Salisb.) Pursh Paeonia whitleyi (Sabine) Hort ex Garden Paeonia edulis var. reevesiana Paxton Paeonia reevesiana (Paxton) Baxter et Wooster Paeonia edulis var. sinensis Sims Paeonia albiflora var. trichocarpa f. pilosella Nakai Paeonia makoya Marnock Paeonia albiflora f. nuda Nakai Paeonia albiflora f. pilifera Schipcz. Paeonia albiflora f. pilosella Nakai Paeonia lactea Pall.
科属（Family & Genus）：芍药科,Paeoniaceae,芍药属,Paeonia
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本。根粗壮，分枝黑褐色。茎高40-70厘米，无毛。下部茎生叶为二回三出复叶，上部茎生叶为三出复叶；小叶狭卵形，椭圆形或披针形，顶端渐尖，基部楔形或偏斜，边缘具白色骨质细齿，两面无毛，背面沿叶脉疏生短柔毛。花数朵，生茎顶和叶腋，有时仅顶端一朵开放，而近顶端叶腋处有发育不好的花芽，直径8-11.5厘米；苞片4-5，披针形，大小不等；萼片4，宽卵形或近圆形，长1-1.5厘米，宽1-1.7厘米；花瓣9-13，倒卵形，长3.5-6厘米，宽1.5-4.5厘米，白色，有时基部具深紫色斑块；花丝长0.7-1.2厘米，黄色；花盘浅杯状，包裹心皮基部，顶端裂片钝圆；心皮4-5（-2），无毛。蓇葖长2.5-3厘米，直径1.2-1.5厘米，顶端具喙。花期5-6月；果期8月。
分布（Distribution）：分布于东北、华北、陕西及甘肃南部，生于海拔480-2300米的山坡草地及林下。朝鲜、日本、蒙古及俄罗斯西伯利亚地区也有分布。
用途（Use）：根药用，称“白芍”，能镇痛、镇痉、祛瘀、通经；种子含油量约25%，供制皂和涂料用。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 6 Page 131
Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 286. 1776.
芍药 shao yao| Paeoniaceae | Paeonia
Paeonia lactiflora
Paeonia albiflora Pallas; P. albiflora Pallas var. trichocarpa Bunge; P. chinensis Vilmorin (1870), not Oken (1841); P. lactiflora var. trichocarpa (Bunge) Stern; P. lactiflora var. villosa M. S. Yan & K. Sun; P. sinensis Steudel; P. yui W. P. Fang.
Herbs perennial, to 70 cm tall. Roots thick, attenuate toward tip, to 1.3 cm in diam. Stems glabrous. Proximal leaves 2-ternate; all leaflets decurrent at base, terminal ones often 2- or 3-segmented; leaflets and segments up to 15, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 4.5--16 × 1.5--4.8 cm, sparsely pubescent abaxially, bristly along veins adaxially, margin white cartilaginous denticulate, apex acuminate. Flowers usually several per shoot, both terminal and axillary, sometimes only terminal one developed, single (in wild plants) or double (in cultivated plants), 8--13 cm wide. Bracts 4 or 5, lanceolate, unequal. Sepals 3 or 4, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 1--1.5 × 1--1.7 cm. Petals 9--13, white or pink (in wild plants), or varying in color (in cultivated plants), obovate, 3.5--6 × 1.5--4.5 cm. Filaments yellow, 0.7--1.2 cm; anthers yellow. Disc yellow, annular. Carpels 2--5, green or purple, glabrous or rarely tomentose. Follicles oblong-ellipsoid, 2.5--3 × 1.2--1.5 cm. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Aug. 2n = 10.
Woods, grasslands; 400--2300 m. S Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, S Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East, Siberia)].
This species is widely cultivated as an ornamental and for medicinal use.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Paeonia lactiflora Pall.
英文名（English Common Name）：Chinese peony
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Paeonia lactiflora var. trichocarpa (Bunge) Stern Paeonia yui W. P. Fang Paeonia albiflora Pall. Paeonia albiflora var. trichocarpa Bunge Paeonia lactiflora var. villosa M. S. Yan et K. Sun Paeonia sinensis Hort ex Steud. Paeonia albiflora var. humei Sabine Paeonia humei (Sabine) Vilm. Paeonia albiflora var. fragrans Sabine Paeonia fragrans (Sabine) Redoute Paeonia albiflora var. hirta Regel Paeonia albiflora var. purpurea Korsh. Paeonia albiflora var. spontanea Makino Paeonia albiflora var. trichocarpa f. nuda Nakai Paeonia lactiflora f. nuda (Nakai) Kitag. Paeonia lactiflora f. pilosella (Nakai) Kitag. Paeonia albiflora var. typica Huth Paeonia albiflora var. whitleyi Sabine Paeonia edulis Salisb. Paeonia albiflora var. edulis (Salisb.) Pursh Paeonia whitleyi (Sabine) Hort ex Garden Paeonia edulis var. reevesiana Paxton Paeonia reevesiana (Paxton) Baxter et Wooster Paeonia edulis var. sinensis Sims Paeonia albiflora var. trichocarpa f. pilosella Nakai Paeonia makoya Marnock Paeonia albiflora f. nuda Nakai Paeonia albiflora f. pilifera Schipcz. Paeonia albiflora f. pilosella Nakai Paeonia lactea Pall.
科属（Family & Genus）：芍药科,Paeoniaceae,芍药属,Paeonia
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本。根粗壮，分枝黑褐色。茎高40-70厘米，无毛。下部茎生叶为二回三出复叶，上部茎生叶为三出复叶；小叶狭卵形，椭圆形或披针形，顶端渐尖，基部楔形或偏斜，边缘具白色骨质细齿，两面无毛，背面沿叶脉疏生短柔毛。花数朵，生茎顶和叶腋，有时仅顶端一朵开放，而近顶端叶腋处有发育不好的花芽，直径8-11.5厘米；苞片4-5，披针形，大小不等；萼片4，宽卵形或近圆形，长1-1.5厘米，宽1-1.7厘米；花瓣9-13，倒卵形，长3.5-6厘米，宽1.5-4.5厘米，白色，有时基部具深紫色斑块；花丝长0.7-1.2厘米，黄色；花盘浅杯状，包裹心皮基部，顶端裂片钝圆；心皮4-5（-2），无毛。蓇葖长2.5-3厘米，直径1.2-1.5厘米，顶端具喙。花期5-6月；果期8月。
分布（Distribution）：分布于东北、华北、陕西及甘肃南部，生于海拔480-2300米的山坡草地及林下。朝鲜、日本、蒙古及俄罗斯西伯利亚地区也有分布。
用途（Use）：根药用，称“白芍”，能镇痛、镇痉、祛瘀、通经；种子含油量约25%，供制皂和涂料用。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 6 Page 131
Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 286. 1776.
芍药 shao yao| Paeoniaceae | Paeonia
Paeonia lactiflora
Paeonia albiflora Pallas; P. albiflora Pallas var. trichocarpa Bunge; P. chinensis Vilmorin (1870), not Oken (1841); P. lactiflora var. trichocarpa (Bunge) Stern; P. lactiflora var. villosa M. S. Yan & K. Sun; P. sinensis Steudel; P. yui W. P. Fang.
Herbs perennial, to 70 cm tall. Roots thick, attenuate toward tip, to 1.3 cm in diam. Stems glabrous. Proximal leaves 2-ternate; all leaflets decurrent at base, terminal ones often 2- or 3-segmented; leaflets and segments up to 15, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 4.5--16 × 1.5--4.8 cm, sparsely pubescent abaxially, bristly along veins adaxially, margin white cartilaginous denticulate, apex acuminate. Flowers usually several per shoot, both terminal and axillary, sometimes only terminal one developed, single (in wild plants) or double (in cultivated plants), 8--13 cm wide. Bracts 4 or 5, lanceolate, unequal. Sepals 3 or 4, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 1--1.5 × 1--1.7 cm. Petals 9--13, white or pink (in wild plants), or varying in color (in cultivated plants), obovate, 3.5--6 × 1.5--4.5 cm. Filaments yellow, 0.7--1.2 cm; anthers yellow. Disc yellow, annular. Carpels 2--5, green or purple, glabrous or rarely tomentose. Follicles oblong-ellipsoid, 2.5--3 × 1.2--1.5 cm. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Aug. 2n = 10.
Woods, grasslands; 400--2300 m. S Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, S Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East, Siberia)].
This species is widely cultivated as an ornamental and for medicinal use.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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