月见草 Oenothera biennis
中文名（Chinese Name）：月见草
学名（Scientific Name）：Oenothera biennis L.
英文名（English Common Name）：common evening primrose
别名（Chinese Common Name）：山芝麻、夜来香
异名（Synonym）：Oenothera muricata (L.) Moench Oenothera pycnocarpa Atkinson & Bartlett Oenothera biennis var. pycnocarpa (Atkinson & Bartlett) Wieg. Brunyera biennis Bubani Oenothera suaveolens Desf. Onagra biennis (L.) Scop. Onagra chrysantha Spach Onagra europaea Spach Onagra muricata (L.) Moench Onagra vulgaris Spach
科属（Family & Genus）：柳叶菜科（Onagraceae）月见草属
形态特征（Description）：直立二年生粗状草本，基生莲座叶丛紧贴地面；茎高50-200厘米，不分枝或分枝，被曲柔毛与伸展长毛（毛的基部疱状），在茎枝上端常混生有腺毛。基生叶倒披针形，长10-25厘米，宽2-4.5厘米，先端锐尖，基部楔形，边缘疏生不整齐的浅钝齿，侧脉每侧12-15条，两面被曲柔毛与长毛；叶柄长1.5-3厘米。茎生叶椭圆形至倒披针形，长7-20厘米，宽1-5厘米，先端锐尖至短渐尖，基部楔形，边缘每边有5-19枚稀疏钝齿，侧脉每侧6-12条，每边两面被曲柔毛与长毛，尤茎上部的叶下面与叶缘常混生有腺毛；叶柄长0-15毫米。花序穗状，不分枝，或在主序下面具次级侧生花序；苞片叶状，芽时长及花的1/2，长大后椭圆状披针形，自下向上由大变小，近无柄，长1.5-9厘米，宽0.5-2厘米，果时宿存，花蕾锥状长圆形，长1.5-2厘米，粗4-5毫米，顶端具长约3毫米的喙；花管长2.5-3.5厘米，径1-1.2毫米，黄绿色或开花时带红色，被混生的柔毛、伸展的长毛与短腺毛；花后脱落；萼片绿色，有时带红色，长圆状披针形，长1.8-2.2厘米，下部宽大处4-5毫米，先端骤缩成尾状，长3-4毫米，在芽时直立，彼此靠合，开放时自基部反折，但又在中部上翻，毛被同花管；花瓣黄色，稀淡黄色，宽倒卵形，长2.5-3厘米，宽2-2.8厘米，先端微凹缺；花丝近等长，长10-18毫米；花药长8-10毫米，花粉约50％发育；子房绿色，圆柱状，具4棱，长1-1.2厘米，粗1.5-2.5毫米，密被伸展长毛与短腺毛，有时混生曲柔毛；花柱长3.5-5厘米，伸出花管部分长0.7-1.5厘米；柱头围以花药。开花时花粉直接授在柱头裂片上，裂片长3-5毫米。蒴果锥状圆柱形，向上变狭，长2-3.5厘米，径4-5毫米，直立。绿色，毛被同子房，但渐变稀疏，具明显的棱。种子在果中呈水平状排列，暗褐色，棱形，长1-1.5毫米，径0.5-1毫米，具棱角，各面具不整齐洼点。
分布（Distribution）：原产北美，我国东北、华北、华东、西南有栽培，并早已逸生，常生开旷荒坡路旁。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 13 Page 424
Oenothera biennis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 346. 1753.
月见草 yue jian cao| Onagraceae | Oenothera
Oenothera muricata Linnaeus; O. suaveolens Desfontaines; Onagra biennis (Linnaeus) Scopoli; O. muricata (Linnaeus) Moench.
Herbs erect, biennial, with basal rosette. Stems 30-200 cm tall, simple or sparsely branched, densely to very sparsely strigillose and with longer spreading and usually pustulate-based hairs, inflorescence often also glandular puberulous. Leaves green or pale green, with inconspicuous veins, sessile or shortly petiolate; rosette blade 10-30 × 2-5 cm; cauline blade narrowly oblanceolate to elliptic, 5-22 × (1-)1.5-5(-6) cm, base acute to attenuate, margin dentate to subentire, often lobed near base, apex acute. Inflorescence a dense mostly unbranched spike. Flowers open near sunset; floral tube (2-)2.5-4 cm. Sepals 1.2-2.2(-2.8) cm, with free tips 1.5-3 mm, erect. Petals yellow, fading to orange, 1.2-2.5(-3) cm. Anthers 3-6(-9) mm; pollen ca. 50% fertile. Ovary densely glandular puberulous and sparsely villous or with very sparse pustulate-based hairs, sometimes only densely strigillose; stigma surrounded by anthers. Capsules green, narrowly lanceoloid to lanceoloid, 2-4 cm, sessile. Seeds in two rows per locule, brown to nearly black, 1.1-2 mm, irregularly pitted. Fl. Jul-Oct, fr. Jul-Nov. 2n = 14, permanent translocation heterozygote; self-compatible, autogamous.
Common in open, disturbed areas; near sea level to 1500 m. Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Russia; native to E North America; widely naturalized in SW Asia, Europe, Pacific islands (New Zealand), and S South America].
The seeds of this species contain gamma linolenic acid (GLA), an anti-inflammatory compound of potential therapeutic use for cardiovascular disorders, arthritis, and other human diseases. The cultivation of these plants as a source of GLA has increased recently, and the species has become naturalized widely in China.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Oenothera biennis L.
英文名（English Common Name）：common evening primrose
别名（Chinese Common Name）：山芝麻、夜来香
异名（Synonym）：Oenothera muricata (L.) Moench Oenothera pycnocarpa Atkinson & Bartlett Oenothera biennis var. pycnocarpa (Atkinson & Bartlett) Wieg. Brunyera biennis Bubani Oenothera suaveolens Desf. Onagra biennis (L.) Scop. Onagra chrysantha Spach Onagra europaea Spach Onagra muricata (L.) Moench Onagra vulgaris Spach
科属（Family & Genus）：柳叶菜科（Onagraceae）月见草属
形态特征（Description）：直立二年生粗状草本，基生莲座叶丛紧贴地面；茎高50-200厘米，不分枝或分枝，被曲柔毛与伸展长毛（毛的基部疱状），在茎枝上端常混生有腺毛。基生叶倒披针形，长10-25厘米，宽2-4.5厘米，先端锐尖，基部楔形，边缘疏生不整齐的浅钝齿，侧脉每侧12-15条，两面被曲柔毛与长毛；叶柄长1.5-3厘米。茎生叶椭圆形至倒披针形，长7-20厘米，宽1-5厘米，先端锐尖至短渐尖，基部楔形，边缘每边有5-19枚稀疏钝齿，侧脉每侧6-12条，每边两面被曲柔毛与长毛，尤茎上部的叶下面与叶缘常混生有腺毛；叶柄长0-15毫米。花序穗状，不分枝，或在主序下面具次级侧生花序；苞片叶状，芽时长及花的1/2，长大后椭圆状披针形，自下向上由大变小，近无柄，长1.5-9厘米，宽0.5-2厘米，果时宿存，花蕾锥状长圆形，长1.5-2厘米，粗4-5毫米，顶端具长约3毫米的喙；花管长2.5-3.5厘米，径1-1.2毫米，黄绿色或开花时带红色，被混生的柔毛、伸展的长毛与短腺毛；花后脱落；萼片绿色，有时带红色，长圆状披针形，长1.8-2.2厘米，下部宽大处4-5毫米，先端骤缩成尾状，长3-4毫米，在芽时直立，彼此靠合，开放时自基部反折，但又在中部上翻，毛被同花管；花瓣黄色，稀淡黄色，宽倒卵形，长2.5-3厘米，宽2-2.8厘米，先端微凹缺；花丝近等长，长10-18毫米；花药长8-10毫米，花粉约50％发育；子房绿色，圆柱状，具4棱，长1-1.2厘米，粗1.5-2.5毫米，密被伸展长毛与短腺毛，有时混生曲柔毛；花柱长3.5-5厘米，伸出花管部分长0.7-1.5厘米；柱头围以花药。开花时花粉直接授在柱头裂片上，裂片长3-5毫米。蒴果锥状圆柱形，向上变狭，长2-3.5厘米，径4-5毫米，直立。绿色，毛被同子房，但渐变稀疏，具明显的棱。种子在果中呈水平状排列，暗褐色，棱形，长1-1.5毫米，径0.5-1毫米，具棱角，各面具不整齐洼点。
分布（Distribution）：原产北美，我国东北、华北、华东、西南有栽培，并早已逸生，常生开旷荒坡路旁。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 13 Page 424
Oenothera biennis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 346. 1753.
月见草 yue jian cao| Onagraceae | Oenothera
Oenothera muricata Linnaeus; O. suaveolens Desfontaines; Onagra biennis (Linnaeus) Scopoli; O. muricata (Linnaeus) Moench.
Herbs erect, biennial, with basal rosette. Stems 30-200 cm tall, simple or sparsely branched, densely to very sparsely strigillose and with longer spreading and usually pustulate-based hairs, inflorescence often also glandular puberulous. Leaves green or pale green, with inconspicuous veins, sessile or shortly petiolate; rosette blade 10-30 × 2-5 cm; cauline blade narrowly oblanceolate to elliptic, 5-22 × (1-)1.5-5(-6) cm, base acute to attenuate, margin dentate to subentire, often lobed near base, apex acute. Inflorescence a dense mostly unbranched spike. Flowers open near sunset; floral tube (2-)2.5-4 cm. Sepals 1.2-2.2(-2.8) cm, with free tips 1.5-3 mm, erect. Petals yellow, fading to orange, 1.2-2.5(-3) cm. Anthers 3-6(-9) mm; pollen ca. 50% fertile. Ovary densely glandular puberulous and sparsely villous or with very sparse pustulate-based hairs, sometimes only densely strigillose; stigma surrounded by anthers. Capsules green, narrowly lanceoloid to lanceoloid, 2-4 cm, sessile. Seeds in two rows per locule, brown to nearly black, 1.1-2 mm, irregularly pitted. Fl. Jul-Oct, fr. Jul-Nov. 2n = 14, permanent translocation heterozygote; self-compatible, autogamous.
Common in open, disturbed areas; near sea level to 1500 m. Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Russia; native to E North America; widely naturalized in SW Asia, Europe, Pacific islands (New Zealand), and S South America].
The seeds of this species contain gamma linolenic acid (GLA), an anti-inflammatory compound of potential therapeutic use for cardiovascular disorders, arthritis, and other human diseases. The cultivation of these plants as a source of GLA has increased recently, and the species has become naturalized widely in China.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）踩一下[1]
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