石海椒Reinwardtia indica

中文名(Chinese Name):石海椒
学名(Scientific Name):Reinwardtia indica Dum.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):迎春柳、黄花香草
异名(Synonym):Reinwardtia trigyna (Roxb.) Planch.  Kittelocharis trigyna (Roxb.) Alef.  Linum cicanobum Buchanan-Hamiltox et D. Don.  Linum repens Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don  Macrolinum trigynum Rchb.
科属(Family & Genus):亚麻科(Linaceae)石海椒属
形态特征(Description):小灌木,高达1米:树皮灰色,无毛,枝干后有纵沟纹。叶纸质,椭圆形或倒卵状椭圆形,长2-8.8厘米,宽0.7-3.5厘米,先端急尖或近圆形,有短尖,基部楔形,全缘或有圆齿状锯齿,表面深绿色,背面浅绿色,干后表面灰褐色,背面灰绿色,背面中脉稍凸;叶柄长8-25毫米;托叶小,早落。花序顶生或腋生,或单花腋生;花有大有小,直径1.4-3厘米;萼片5,分离,披针形,长约9-12毫米,宽约3毫米,宿存;同一植株上的花的花瓣有5片有4片,黄色,分离,旋转排列,长1.7-3厘米,宽1.3厘米,早萎;雄蕊5,长约13毫米,花丝下部两侧扩大成翅状或瓣状,基部合生成环,花药长约2毫米,退化雄蕊5,锥尖状,与雄蕊互生;腺体5,与雄蕊环合生;子房3室,每室有2小室,每小室有胚珠1枚;花柱3枚,长7-18毫米,下部合生,柱头头状。蒴果球形,3裂,每裂瓣有种子2粒;种子具膜质翅,翅长稍短于蒴果。花果期4-12月,直至翌年1月。
分布(Distribution):分布于湖北、福建、广东、广西、四川、贵州和云南。生于海拔550-2300米的林下、山坡灌丛、路旁和沟坡潮湿处,常喜生于石灰岩土壤上。东南亚等地也有。
用途(Use):花黄,颇大,常栽培供观赏。嫩枝、叶入药,有消炎解毒和清热利尿功效。引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 11 Page34   
Reinwardtia indica Dumortier, Commentat. Bot. 19. 1822.
石海椒 shi hai jiao | Linaceae  | Reinwardtia
Kittelocharis trigyna (Reichenbach) Alefeld; Linum cicanobum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don; L. repens Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don; L. trigynum Roxburgh (1799), not Linnaeus (1753); Macrolinum trigynum Reichenbach; Reinwardtia trigyna (Reichenbach) Planchon.
Shrubs, to 1 m tall. Branches gray, glabrous. Petiole 0.8-2.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 2-8.8 × 0.7-3.3 cm, papery, base cuneate, margin entire or crenate, apex acute to subrounded and with an apiculate tip. Flowers 1.4-3 cm in diam. Sepals 0.9-1.2 × ca. 0.3 cm, distinct. Petals yellow, 1.7-3 × ca. 1.3 cm, distinct but basally confluent. Stamens ca. 1.3 cm; anthers ca. 2 mm; staminodes subulate. Styles 3 or 4, 0.7-1.8 cm. Capsule globose, splitting into 6 or 8 mericarps. Seeds reniform. Fl. and fr. Apr-Jan.
Forests, mountain slopes, thickets, along trails, ravines, often in calcareous soil; 500-2300 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Kashmir, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam].
This species is grown as an ornamental. The branches and leaves are used medicinally.
石海椒Reinwardtia indica

石海椒Reinwardtia indica

石海椒Reinwardtia indica

石海椒Reinwardtia indica(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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