凉粉草Mesona chinensis

中文名(Chinese Name):凉粉草
学名(Scientific Name):Mesona chinensis Benth.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):仙草、仙人草
异名Synonym):Mesona elegans Hayata  Mesona procumbens Hemsl.
科属Family & Genus):唇形科(Labiatae)凉粉草属
形态特征Description):草本,直立或匍匐。茎高15-100厘米,分枝或少分枝,茎、枝四稜形,有时具槽,被脱落的长疏柔毛或细刚毛。叶狭卵圆形至阔卵圆形或近圆形,长2-5厘米,宽0.8-2.8厘米,在小枝上者较小,先端急尖或钝,基部急尖、钝或有时圆形,边缘具或浅或深锯齿,纸质或近膜质,两面被细刚毛或柔毛,或仅沿下面脉上被毛,或变无毛,侧脉6-7对,与中肋在上面平坦或微凹下面微隆起;叶柄长2-15毫米,被平展柔毛。轮伞花序多数,组成间断或近连续的顶生总状花序,此花序长2-10(13)厘米,直立或斜向上,具短梗;苞片圆形或菱状卵圆形,稀为披针形,稍超过或短于花,具短或长的尾状突尖,通常具色泽;花梗细,长3-4(5)毫米,被短毛。花萼开花时钟形,长2-2.5毫米,密被白色疏柔毛,脉不明显,二唇形,上唇3裂,中裂片特大,先端急尖或钝,侧裂片小,下唇全缘,偶有微缺,果时花萼筒状或坛状筒形,长3-5毫米, 10脉及多数横脉极明显,其间形成小凹穴,近无毛或仅沿脉被毛。花冠白色或淡红色,小,长约3毫米,外被微柔毛,内面在上唇片下方冠筒内略被微柔毛,冠筒极短,喉部极扩大,冠檐二唇形,上唇宽大,具4齿,2侧齿较高,中央2齿不明显,有时近全缘,下唇全缘,舟状。雄蕊4,斜外伸,前对较长,后对花丝基部具齿状附属器,其上被硬毛,花药汇合成一室。花柱远超出雄蕊之上,先端不相等2浅裂。小坚果长圆形,黑色。花、果期7-10月。
分布(Distribution):产台湾、浙江、江西、广东、广西;生于水沟边及干沙地草丛中。
用途(Use):植株晒干后可煎汁与米浆混和煮熟,冷却后即成黑色胶状物,质韧而软,以糖拌之可作暑天的解渴品,广东、广西常有出售,广州一带称为凉粉,梅县一带称作仙人拌、仙牛拌。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 17 Page 294
Mesona chinensis Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 274. 1861.
凉粉草 liang fen cao| Lamiaceae  | Mesona
Mesona elegans Hayata; M. procumbens Hemsley.
Stems 15-100 cm; branches and stems pilose or finely bristly, glabrescent. Petiole 2-15 mm; leaf blade narrowly ovate to subcircular, 2-5 × 0.8-2.8 cm, finely bristly, villous, or glabrescent or abaxially hairy along veins, base cuneate to sometimes rounded, margin serrate, apex acute to obtuse. Verticillasters in pedunculate, terminal, erect or upwardly oblique panicles 2-10(-13) cm; bracts circular to rhombic-ovate, sublanceolate, apex caudate-mucronate, shorter to slightly longer than flowers, bright colored. Pedicel 3-4(-5) mm, short hairy. Calyx 2-2.5 mm, densely white pilose, middle lobe of upper lip acute to obtuse, lower lip sometimes emarginate; fruiting calyx 3-5 mm, subglabrous or hairy on veins. Corolla white or reddish, ca. 3 mm, puberulent, throat very dilated; upper lip 4-lobed, lateral 2 lobes distinct, longer than middle lobes, or upper lip subentire. Anterior stamens longer than basally hirsute posterior pair. Nutlets black, oblong. Fl. and fr. Jul-Oct.
* Ravines, grassy, dry, and sandy areas. Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang
A decoction of dried plants mixed with rice water is used as a cooling drink in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces.
凉粉草Mesona chinensis

凉粉草Mesona chinensis

凉粉草Mesona chinensis(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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