射干Belamcanda chinensis

中文名(Chinese Name):射干
学名(Scientific Name):Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.
英文名(English Common Name):blackberry lily
别名(Chinese Common Name):交剪草、野萱花
异名(Synonym):Ixia chinensis L.  Pardanthus chinensis (L.) Ker Gawl.  Belamcanda chinensis var. taiwanensis S. S. Ying  Belamcanda pampaninii H. Lév.  Belamcanda punctata Moench
科属(Family & Genus):鸢尾科(Iridaceae)射干属
形态特征(Description):多年生草本。根状茎为不规则的块状,斜伸,黄色或黄褐色;须根多数,带黄色。茎高1-1.5米,实心。叶互生,嵌迭状排列,剑形,长20-60厘米,宽2-4厘米,基部鞘状抱茎,顶端渐尖,无中脉。花序顶生,叉状分枝,每分枝的顶端聚生有数朵花;花梗细,长约1.5厘米;花梗及花序的分枝处均包有膜质的苞片,苞片披针形或卵圆形;花橙红色,散生紫褐色的斑点,直径4-5厘米;花被裂片6,2轮排列,外轮花被裂片倒卵形或长椭圆形,长约2.5厘米,宽约1厘米,顶端钝圆或微凹,基部楔形,内轮较外轮花被裂片略短而狭;雄蕊3,长1.8-2厘米,着生于外花被裂片的基部,花药条形,外向开裂,花丝近圆柱形,基部稍扁而宽;花柱上部稍扁,顶端3裂,裂片边缘略向外卷,有细而短的毛,子房下位,倒卵形,3室,中轴胎座,胚珠多数。蒴果倒卵形或长椭圆形,长2.5-3厘米,直径1.5-2.5厘米,顶端无喙,常残存有凋萎的花被,成熟时室背开裂,果瓣外翻,中央有直立的果轴;种子圆球形,黑紫色,有光泽,直径约5毫米,着生在果轴上。花期6-8月,果期7-9月。
分布(Distribution):产我国大部分省区,生于海拔2200米以下林缘或山坡草地。朝鲜、日本、印度、越南、俄罗斯也有。
用途(Use):根状茎药用,味苦、性寒、微毒。能清热解毒、散结消炎、消肿止痛、止咳化痰,用于治疗扁桃腺炎及腰痛等症。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 24 Page 312      
Belamcanda chinensis (Linnaeus) Redouté, Liliac. 3: t. 121. 1805.
射干 she gan| Iridaceae  | Belamcanda
Ixia chinensis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 36. 1753; Belamcanda chinensis var. taiwanensis S. S. Ying; B. pampaninii H. Léveillé; B. punctata Moench; Pardanthus chinensis (Linnaeus) Ker Gawler.
Rhizome pale brown. Stems 1--1.5 m. Leaves 20--60 × 2--4 cm, midvein obscure, apex acuminate. Flowers reddish orange with dark spots, 3--4 cm in diam.; pedicel slender, ca. 1.5 cm. Outer perianth segments obovate or elliptic, ca. 2.5 × 1 cm, base cuneate, apex obtuse. Stamens 1.8--2 cm. Style equaling perianth segments, lobes spreading. Capsule 2.5--3 × 1.5--2.5 cm, apex not beaked. Seeds ca. 5 mm in diam. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Jul--Sep. 2 n = (16, 27), 32.
Near sea level to 2200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Russia, Vietnam, and probably elsewhere in SE Asia].
Plants are usually cultivated, and the rhizomes are used in traditional Chinese medicine.
射干Belamcanda chinensis

射干Belamcanda chinensis

射干Belamcanda chinensis

射干Belamcanda chinensis

射干Belamcanda chinensis(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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