老鹳草Geranium wilfordii
中文名（Chinese Name）：老鹳草
学名（Scientific Name）：Geranium wilfordii Maxim.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Geranium wilfordii var. glandulosum Z. M. Tan Geranium chinense Migo Geranium wilfordii var. chinense H. Hara Geranium wilfordii var. schizopetalum F. Z. Li. Geranium iinumai Nakai Geranium wilfordii var. pilicalyx T. Yamaz. Geranium wilfordii f. bukoense Hiyama Geranium wilfordii var. yezoense Himaya Geranium iinumae var. asiaticum Koidz. Geranium tripartitum var. hastatum (Nakai) T. Yamaz. Geranium krameri var. iinumai (Nakai) Nakai Geranium nepalense f. japonica Maxim. Geranium wilfordii var. hastatum (Nakai) H. Hara
科属（Family & Genus）：牻牛儿苗科（Geraniaceae）老鹳草属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高30-50厘米。根茎直生，粗壮，具簇生纤维状细长须根，上部围以残存基生托叶。茎直立，单生，具棱槽，假二叉状分枝，被倒向短柔毛，有时上部混生开展腺毛。叶基生和茎生叶对生；托叶卵状三角形或上部为狭披针形，长5-8毫米，宽1-3毫米，基生叶和茎下部叶具长柄，柄长为叶片的2-3倍，被倒向短柔毛，茎上部叶柄渐短或近无柄；基生叶片圆肾形，长3-5厘米，宽4-9厘米，5深裂达2/3处，裂片倒卵状楔形，下部全缘，上部不规则状齿裂，茎生叶3裂至3/5处，裂片长卵形或宽楔形，上部齿状浅裂，先端长渐尖，表面被短伏毛，背面沿脉被短糙毛。花序腋生和顶生，稍长于叶，总花梗被倒向短柔毛，有时混生腺毛，每梗具2花；苞片钻形，长3-4毫米；花梗与总花梗相似，长为花的2-4倍，花、果期通常直立；萼片长卵形或卵状椭圆形，长5-6毫米，宽2-3毫米，先端具细尖头，背面沿脉和边缘被短柔毛，有时混生开展的腺毛；花瓣白色或淡红色，倒卵形，与萼片近等长，内面基部被疏柔毛；雄蕊稍短于萼片，花丝淡棕色，下部扩展，被缘毛；雌蕊被短糙状毛，花柱分枝紫红色。蒴果长约2厘米，被短柔毛和长糙毛。花期6-8月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：分布于东北、华北、华东、华中、陕西、甘肃和四川。生于海拔1800米以下的低山林下、草甸。俄罗斯、朝鲜和日本有分布。
用途（Use）：全草供药用，祛风通络。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 8, 9, 14, 15
Geranium wilfordii Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg. 26: 453. 1880.
老鹳草 lao guan cao | Geraniaceae | Geranium
Geranium chinense Migo (1935), not G. sinense R. Knuth (1912); G. wilfordii var. chinense H. Hara; G. wilfordii var. glandulosum Z. M. Tan; G. wilfordii var. schizopetalum F. Z. Li.
Perennials. Rootstock ± horizontal, 4.3-8.7 mm in diam., not tuberculate, with thickened roots along rootstock. Stem 24-86 cm tall, erect, not rooting at nodes, with 0.3-0.7 mm retrorse ± appressed nonglandular trichomes. Stipules subulate, distinct. Leaves opposite or sometimes alternate toward base; petiole with 0.2-0.9 mm retrorse ± appressed nonglandular trichomes; leaf blade 3.7-8.1 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle segment length = 0.72-0.92, pilose with appressed nonglandular trichomes; segments 3(or 5), rhombic, 0.7-1.5 cm wide at base, 7-19-lobed in distal half, ratio of second sinus/middle segment length = 0.04-0.19. Cymules solitary, (1 or)2-flowered; peduncle 1.4-4.7 cm. Pedicel 0.8-1.9 cm, with 0.1-0.5 mm retrorse ± appressed nonglandular trichomes and usually 0.2-1.1 mm patent glandular trichomes; bracteoles linear-lanceolate. Sepals 3.5-7.1 mm, mucro 0.8-2.3 mm, ratio of mucro/sepal length = 0.14-0.33, outside with 0.1-0.7 mm antrorse appressed nonglandular trichomes and 0.2-1.1 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside almost glabrous. Petals pale pink or white, 4-6.2(-6.9) mm, erect to patent, both surfaces basally with a few trichomes, margin with a few cilia, apex rounded or retuse. Staminal filaments yellowish, lanceolate with an abruptly narrowed apex, expanded base of inner whorl usually auriculate, abaxially pilose and proximal half ciliate, trichomes 0.1-0.4 mm; anthers violet-blue, 0.7-1 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, glabrous. Stigma pale pink to crimson. Fruit 2-2.2 cm, erect when immature; mericarps smooth, with a basal callus, with 0.7-1.2 mm ± patent nonglandular trichomes and sometimes 0.6-1.2 mm patent glandular trichomes; rostrum 1.3-1.7 cm, with a 0.9-1.7 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 1.3-2.7 mm. Seeds 2.4-2.9 mm. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 28.
Scrub, meadows, by water, weedy areas; 100-1800 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, S Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, E Nei Mongol, S Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, E Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia; Europe (introduced)].
Leaves permit a quick identification of Geranium wilfordii, because the blade is triangular in outline with 3 segments. In some specimens, the blade of basal leaves can have 2 more very short segments at the base, producing leaves with a ± pentagonal outline. These plants could be confused with G. thunbergii, which has longer petals. Basal cauline leaves are usually alternate in G. wilfordii but few herbarium specimens with whole plants are available to ascertain the variability of this feature. Glandular indumentum is variable, sometimes even in the same specimen.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Geranium wilfordii Maxim.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Geranium wilfordii var. glandulosum Z. M. Tan Geranium chinense Migo Geranium wilfordii var. chinense H. Hara Geranium wilfordii var. schizopetalum F. Z. Li. Geranium iinumai Nakai Geranium wilfordii var. pilicalyx T. Yamaz. Geranium wilfordii f. bukoense Hiyama Geranium wilfordii var. yezoense Himaya Geranium iinumae var. asiaticum Koidz. Geranium tripartitum var. hastatum (Nakai) T. Yamaz. Geranium krameri var. iinumai (Nakai) Nakai Geranium nepalense f. japonica Maxim. Geranium wilfordii var. hastatum (Nakai) H. Hara
科属（Family & Genus）：牻牛儿苗科（Geraniaceae）老鹳草属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高30-50厘米。根茎直生，粗壮，具簇生纤维状细长须根，上部围以残存基生托叶。茎直立，单生，具棱槽，假二叉状分枝，被倒向短柔毛，有时上部混生开展腺毛。叶基生和茎生叶对生；托叶卵状三角形或上部为狭披针形，长5-8毫米，宽1-3毫米，基生叶和茎下部叶具长柄，柄长为叶片的2-3倍，被倒向短柔毛，茎上部叶柄渐短或近无柄；基生叶片圆肾形，长3-5厘米，宽4-9厘米，5深裂达2/3处，裂片倒卵状楔形，下部全缘，上部不规则状齿裂，茎生叶3裂至3/5处，裂片长卵形或宽楔形，上部齿状浅裂，先端长渐尖，表面被短伏毛，背面沿脉被短糙毛。花序腋生和顶生，稍长于叶，总花梗被倒向短柔毛，有时混生腺毛，每梗具2花；苞片钻形，长3-4毫米；花梗与总花梗相似，长为花的2-4倍，花、果期通常直立；萼片长卵形或卵状椭圆形，长5-6毫米，宽2-3毫米，先端具细尖头，背面沿脉和边缘被短柔毛，有时混生开展的腺毛；花瓣白色或淡红色，倒卵形，与萼片近等长，内面基部被疏柔毛；雄蕊稍短于萼片，花丝淡棕色，下部扩展，被缘毛；雌蕊被短糙状毛，花柱分枝紫红色。蒴果长约2厘米，被短柔毛和长糙毛。花期6-8月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：分布于东北、华北、华东、华中、陕西、甘肃和四川。生于海拔1800米以下的低山林下、草甸。俄罗斯、朝鲜和日本有分布。
用途（Use）：全草供药用，祛风通络。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 8, 9, 14, 15
Geranium wilfordii Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg. 26: 453. 1880.
老鹳草 lao guan cao | Geraniaceae | Geranium
Geranium chinense Migo (1935), not G. sinense R. Knuth (1912); G. wilfordii var. chinense H. Hara; G. wilfordii var. glandulosum Z. M. Tan; G. wilfordii var. schizopetalum F. Z. Li.
Perennials. Rootstock ± horizontal, 4.3-8.7 mm in diam., not tuberculate, with thickened roots along rootstock. Stem 24-86 cm tall, erect, not rooting at nodes, with 0.3-0.7 mm retrorse ± appressed nonglandular trichomes. Stipules subulate, distinct. Leaves opposite or sometimes alternate toward base; petiole with 0.2-0.9 mm retrorse ± appressed nonglandular trichomes; leaf blade 3.7-8.1 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle segment length = 0.72-0.92, pilose with appressed nonglandular trichomes; segments 3(or 5), rhombic, 0.7-1.5 cm wide at base, 7-19-lobed in distal half, ratio of second sinus/middle segment length = 0.04-0.19. Cymules solitary, (1 or)2-flowered; peduncle 1.4-4.7 cm. Pedicel 0.8-1.9 cm, with 0.1-0.5 mm retrorse ± appressed nonglandular trichomes and usually 0.2-1.1 mm patent glandular trichomes; bracteoles linear-lanceolate. Sepals 3.5-7.1 mm, mucro 0.8-2.3 mm, ratio of mucro/sepal length = 0.14-0.33, outside with 0.1-0.7 mm antrorse appressed nonglandular trichomes and 0.2-1.1 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside almost glabrous. Petals pale pink or white, 4-6.2(-6.9) mm, erect to patent, both surfaces basally with a few trichomes, margin with a few cilia, apex rounded or retuse. Staminal filaments yellowish, lanceolate with an abruptly narrowed apex, expanded base of inner whorl usually auriculate, abaxially pilose and proximal half ciliate, trichomes 0.1-0.4 mm; anthers violet-blue, 0.7-1 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, glabrous. Stigma pale pink to crimson. Fruit 2-2.2 cm, erect when immature; mericarps smooth, with a basal callus, with 0.7-1.2 mm ± patent nonglandular trichomes and sometimes 0.6-1.2 mm patent glandular trichomes; rostrum 1.3-1.7 cm, with a 0.9-1.7 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 1.3-2.7 mm. Seeds 2.4-2.9 mm. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 28.
Scrub, meadows, by water, weedy areas; 100-1800 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, S Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, E Nei Mongol, S Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, E Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia; Europe (introduced)].
Leaves permit a quick identification of Geranium wilfordii, because the blade is triangular in outline with 3 segments. In some specimens, the blade of basal leaves can have 2 more very short segments at the base, producing leaves with a ± pentagonal outline. These plants could be confused with G. thunbergii, which has longer petals. Basal cauline leaves are usually alternate in G. wilfordii but few herbarium specimens with whole plants are available to ascertain the variability of this feature. Glandular indumentum is variable, sometimes even in the same specimen.
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