大戟Euphorbia pekinensis
中文名（Chinese Name）：大戟
学名（Scientific Name）：Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：京大戟
异名（Synonym）：Euphorbia pekinensis var. pseudolucorum (Hurus.) Oudejans Euphorbia tchen-ngoi (Soják) Radcl.-Sm. Euphorbia lasiocaula Boiss. Euphorbia lasiocaula var. pseudolucorum Hurus. Euphorbia pekinensis var. attenuata Hurus. Euphorbia pekinensis var. hupehensis Hurus. Euphorbia pekinensis var. lasiocaula (Boiss.) Oudejans Euphorbia pekinensis var. sinanensis (Hurus.) Oudejans Euphorbia cavaleriei H. Lév. et Vaniot Euphorbia sampsonii Hance Euphorbia jessonii Oudejans Euphorbia hurusawae var. imaii (Hurus.) Oudejans Euphorbia hurusawae Oudejans Euphorbia imaii f. denudata Hurus. Euphorbia imaii Hurus. Euphorbia labbei H. Lév. Euphorbia pekinensis f. denudata (Hurus.) Oudejans Euphorbia pekinensis f. sinanensis Hurus. Tithymalus pekinensis (Rupr.) Hara Tithymalus pekinensis subsp. barbellatus (Hurus.) Hurus. Tithymalus pekinensis subsp. lanceolatus (Liou) Hurus. Tithymalus tchen-ngoi Soják Euphorbia sinense Jesson ex Turrill Galarhoeus pekinensis (Rupr.) H.Hara Euphorbia pekinensis f. sinensis Hurus. Euphorbia pekinensis var. sinensis (Hurus.) Oudejans
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）大戟属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本。根圆柱状，长20-30厘米。直径6-14毫米，分枝或不分枝。茎单生或自基部多分枝，每个分枝上部又4-5分枝，高40-80 (90)厘米，直径3-6 (7)厘米，被柔毛或被少许柔毛或无毛。叶互生，常为椭圆形，少为披针形或披针状椭圆形，变异较大，先端尖或渐尖，基部渐狭或呈楔形或近圆形或近平截，边缘全缘；主脉明显，侧脉羽状，不明显，叶两面无毛或有时叶背具少许柔毛或被较密的柔毛，变化较大且不稳定；总苞叶4-7枚，长椭圆形，先端尖，基部近平截；伞幅4-7，长2-5厘米；苞叶2枚，近圆形，先端具短尖头，基部平截或近平截。花序单生于二歧分枝顶端，无柄；总苞杯状，高约3.5毫米，直径3.5-4.0毫米，边缘4裂，裂片半圆形，边缘具不明显的缘毛；腺体4，半圆形或肾状圆形，淡褐色。雄花多数，伸出总苞之外；雌花1枚，具较长的子房柄，柄长3-5 (6）毫米；子房幼时被较密的瘤状突起；花柱3，分离；柱头2裂。蒴果球状，长约4.5毫米，直径4.0-4.5毫米，被稀疏的瘤状突起，成熟时分裂为3个分果爿；花柱宿存且易脱落。种子长球状，长约2. 5毫米，直径1.5-2.0毫米，暗褐色或微光亮，腹面具浅色条纹；种阜近盾状，无柄。花期5-8月，果期6-9月。
分布（Distribution）：除台湾、云南、西藏和新疆外均产，生于山坡、灌丛、路旁、荒地、草丛、林缘和疏林内。朝鲜和日本也有。
用途（Use）：根入药，逐水通便，消肿散结，主治水肿，并有通经之效；亦可作兽药用；有毒，宜慎用。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 291, 309
Euphorbia pekinensis Ruprecht in Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur. 239. 1859.
大戟 da ji | Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia
Euphorbia barbellata Hurusawa; E. cavaleriei H. Léveillé & Vaniot; E. hurusawae Oudejans; E. hurusawae var. imaii (Hurusawa) Oudejans; E. imaii Hurusawa; E. jesonii Oudejans; E. kitagawae (Hurusawa) Kitagawa; E. labbei H. Léveillé; E. lanceolata T. N. Liou; E. lasiocaula Boissier; E. lasiocaula var. pseudolucorum Hurusawa; E. sinensis Jesson; E. sampsonii Hance; E. tchen-ngoi (Soják) Radcliffe-Smith; E. virgata Waldstein & Kitaibel var. kitagawae Hurusawa; Tithymalus tchen-ngoi Soják.
Herbs, perennial, 40-80(-90) cm tall. Rootstock vertical, cylindric, 20-30 cm × 6-14 mm thick, sometimes branched. Stems single or clustered, 3-6(-7) mm thick, upper parts 4- or 5-branched, pilose or glabrous. Leaves alternate; stipules absent; petiole absent or nearly so; leaf blade very variable, usually elliptic, occasionally lanceolate, narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, rarely linear, 3-7(-9.5) × 0.7-1.7(-2.4) cm, both surfaces glabrous or abaxially pilose or pubescent, base subrounded or subtruncate for lower leaves, attenuate for upper leaves, margin entire or serrulate, apex acuminate or acute; midrib raised abaxially, often grooved adaxially, lateral veins inconspicuous, much varied. Inflorescence usually a terminal compound pseudumbel, sometimes much branched, sometimes with slender long pedunculate cymes or pseudumbels from axils below; primary involucral leaves 4-7(-16), leaflike but shorter, narrowly elliptic, base rounded, apex acute, primary rays 4-7, 2-5 cm; cyathophylls 2, base ± truncate, apex subrounded with micro-tip. Cyathium sessile; involucre cuplike, ca. 3.5 × 3.5-4 mm, lobes rounded, irregularly ciliate; glands 4, pale brown, rounded or reniform-rounded, entire. Male flowers many, exserted from involucre. Female flower: ovary pedicel 3-5(-6) mm, exserted from cup; ovary densely tuberculate; styles free, persistent but easily fallen; style arms 2-lobed. Capsule globose, ca. 4.5 × 4-4.5 mm, sparsely tuberculate. Seeds long globose, ca. 2.5 × 1.5-2 mm, dark brown or slightly shiny, adaxially slightly colored striate; caruncle subpeltate, sessile. Fl. May-Aug.
Slopes, scrub, roadsides, fields, grasslands, steppes, sparse forests; common. Throughout China except Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Japan, Korea].
Euphorbia pekinensis is the most variable species in China, especially on indumentum, and requires much more extensive study.
The root is used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：京大戟
异名（Synonym）：Euphorbia pekinensis var. pseudolucorum (Hurus.) Oudejans Euphorbia tchen-ngoi (Soják) Radcl.-Sm. Euphorbia lasiocaula Boiss. Euphorbia lasiocaula var. pseudolucorum Hurus. Euphorbia pekinensis var. attenuata Hurus. Euphorbia pekinensis var. hupehensis Hurus. Euphorbia pekinensis var. lasiocaula (Boiss.) Oudejans Euphorbia pekinensis var. sinanensis (Hurus.) Oudejans Euphorbia cavaleriei H. Lév. et Vaniot Euphorbia sampsonii Hance Euphorbia jessonii Oudejans Euphorbia hurusawae var. imaii (Hurus.) Oudejans Euphorbia hurusawae Oudejans Euphorbia imaii f. denudata Hurus. Euphorbia imaii Hurus. Euphorbia labbei H. Lév. Euphorbia pekinensis f. denudata (Hurus.) Oudejans Euphorbia pekinensis f. sinanensis Hurus. Tithymalus pekinensis (Rupr.) Hara Tithymalus pekinensis subsp. barbellatus (Hurus.) Hurus. Tithymalus pekinensis subsp. lanceolatus (Liou) Hurus. Tithymalus tchen-ngoi Soják Euphorbia sinense Jesson ex Turrill Galarhoeus pekinensis (Rupr.) H.Hara Euphorbia pekinensis f. sinensis Hurus. Euphorbia pekinensis var. sinensis (Hurus.) Oudejans
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）大戟属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本。根圆柱状，长20-30厘米。直径6-14毫米，分枝或不分枝。茎单生或自基部多分枝，每个分枝上部又4-5分枝，高40-80 (90)厘米，直径3-6 (7)厘米，被柔毛或被少许柔毛或无毛。叶互生，常为椭圆形，少为披针形或披针状椭圆形，变异较大，先端尖或渐尖，基部渐狭或呈楔形或近圆形或近平截，边缘全缘；主脉明显，侧脉羽状，不明显，叶两面无毛或有时叶背具少许柔毛或被较密的柔毛，变化较大且不稳定；总苞叶4-7枚，长椭圆形，先端尖，基部近平截；伞幅4-7，长2-5厘米；苞叶2枚，近圆形，先端具短尖头，基部平截或近平截。花序单生于二歧分枝顶端，无柄；总苞杯状，高约3.5毫米，直径3.5-4.0毫米，边缘4裂，裂片半圆形，边缘具不明显的缘毛；腺体4，半圆形或肾状圆形，淡褐色。雄花多数，伸出总苞之外；雌花1枚，具较长的子房柄，柄长3-5 (6）毫米；子房幼时被较密的瘤状突起；花柱3，分离；柱头2裂。蒴果球状，长约4.5毫米，直径4.0-4.5毫米，被稀疏的瘤状突起，成熟时分裂为3个分果爿；花柱宿存且易脱落。种子长球状，长约2. 5毫米，直径1.5-2.0毫米，暗褐色或微光亮，腹面具浅色条纹；种阜近盾状，无柄。花期5-8月，果期6-9月。
分布（Distribution）：除台湾、云南、西藏和新疆外均产，生于山坡、灌丛、路旁、荒地、草丛、林缘和疏林内。朝鲜和日本也有。
用途（Use）：根入药，逐水通便，消肿散结，主治水肿，并有通经之效；亦可作兽药用；有毒，宜慎用。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 291, 309
Euphorbia pekinensis Ruprecht in Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur. 239. 1859.
大戟 da ji | Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia
Euphorbia barbellata Hurusawa; E. cavaleriei H. Léveillé & Vaniot; E. hurusawae Oudejans; E. hurusawae var. imaii (Hurusawa) Oudejans; E. imaii Hurusawa; E. jesonii Oudejans; E. kitagawae (Hurusawa) Kitagawa; E. labbei H. Léveillé; E. lanceolata T. N. Liou; E. lasiocaula Boissier; E. lasiocaula var. pseudolucorum Hurusawa; E. sinensis Jesson; E. sampsonii Hance; E. tchen-ngoi (Soják) Radcliffe-Smith; E. virgata Waldstein & Kitaibel var. kitagawae Hurusawa; Tithymalus tchen-ngoi Soják.
Herbs, perennial, 40-80(-90) cm tall. Rootstock vertical, cylindric, 20-30 cm × 6-14 mm thick, sometimes branched. Stems single or clustered, 3-6(-7) mm thick, upper parts 4- or 5-branched, pilose or glabrous. Leaves alternate; stipules absent; petiole absent or nearly so; leaf blade very variable, usually elliptic, occasionally lanceolate, narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, rarely linear, 3-7(-9.5) × 0.7-1.7(-2.4) cm, both surfaces glabrous or abaxially pilose or pubescent, base subrounded or subtruncate for lower leaves, attenuate for upper leaves, margin entire or serrulate, apex acuminate or acute; midrib raised abaxially, often grooved adaxially, lateral veins inconspicuous, much varied. Inflorescence usually a terminal compound pseudumbel, sometimes much branched, sometimes with slender long pedunculate cymes or pseudumbels from axils below; primary involucral leaves 4-7(-16), leaflike but shorter, narrowly elliptic, base rounded, apex acute, primary rays 4-7, 2-5 cm; cyathophylls 2, base ± truncate, apex subrounded with micro-tip. Cyathium sessile; involucre cuplike, ca. 3.5 × 3.5-4 mm, lobes rounded, irregularly ciliate; glands 4, pale brown, rounded or reniform-rounded, entire. Male flowers many, exserted from involucre. Female flower: ovary pedicel 3-5(-6) mm, exserted from cup; ovary densely tuberculate; styles free, persistent but easily fallen; style arms 2-lobed. Capsule globose, ca. 4.5 × 4-4.5 mm, sparsely tuberculate. Seeds long globose, ca. 2.5 × 1.5-2 mm, dark brown or slightly shiny, adaxially slightly colored striate; caruncle subpeltate, sessile. Fl. May-Aug.
Slopes, scrub, roadsides, fields, grasslands, steppes, sparse forests; common. Throughout China except Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Japan, Korea].
Euphorbia pekinensis is the most variable species in China, especially on indumentum, and requires much more extensive study.
The root is used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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