艾菊Tanacetum vulgare

艾菊Tanacetum vulgare

艾菊Tanacetum vulgare

中文名(Chinese Name):艾菊
学名(Scientific Name):Tanacetum vulgare L.
英文名(English Common Name):common tansy
别名(Chinese Common Name):菊蒿
异名(Synonym):Chrysanthemum tanacetum Vis.  Chrysanthemum vulgare var. boreale (Fisch. ex DC.) Makino ex Makino et Nemoto  Pyrethrum vulgare (L.) Boiss.  Tanacetum umbellatum Gilib.  Tanacetum vulgare var. boreale (Fisch. ex DC.) Trautv. et C. A. Mey.  Chamaemelum tanacetum (Vis.) E.H.L.Krause  Tanacetum vulgare var. crispum DC.
科属(Family & Genus):菊科(Compositae)菊蒿属
形态特征(Description):多年生草本,高30-150厘米。茎直立,单生或少数茎成簇生,仅上部有分枝,有极稀 疏的单毛,但通常光滑无毛。茎叶多数,全形椭圆形或椭圆状卵形,长达25厘米,二回羽状分裂。一回为全裂,侧裂片达12对;二回为深裂,二回裂片卵形、线状披针形、斜三角形或长椭圆形,边缘全缘或有浅齿或为半裂而赋于叶为三回羽状分裂。羽轴有节齿。下部茎叶有长柄,中上部茎叶无柄。叶全部绿色或淡绿色,有极稀疏的毛或几无毛。头状花序多数(10-20个)在茎枝顶端排成稠密的伞房或复伞房花序。总苞直径5-13毫米。总苞片3层,草质。外层卵状披针形,长约1.5毫米,中内层披针形或长椭圆形,长3-4毫米。全部苞片边缘白色或浅褐色狭膜质,顶端膜质扩大。全部小花管状,边缘雌花比两性花小。瘦果长1.2-2毫米。冠状冠毛长0.1-0.4毫米,冠缘浅齿裂。花果期6-8月。
分布(Distribution):产黑龙江、新疆,生于海拔250-2400米的山坡、河滩、草地、丘陵及桦木林下。北美、日本、朝鲜、蒙古、俄罗斯及欧洲也有。
用途(Use):茎及头状花序含杀虫物质,可作杀虫剂。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 20-21 Page 764, 765
Tanacetum vulgare Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 844. 1753.
菊蒿 ju hao| Asteraceae  | Tanacetum
Chrysanthemum boreale (Fischer ex Candolle) B. Fedtschenko (1915), not Makino (1909); C. tanacetum Visiani; C. vulgare (Linnaeus) Bernhardi (1800), not (Lamarck) Gaterau (1789); C. vulgare subsp. boreale (Fischer ex Candolle) Voroschilov; C. vulgare var. boreale (Fischer ex Candolle) Makino; Pyrethrum vulgare (Linnaeus) Boissier; Tanacetum boreale Fischer ex Candolle; T. crispum Steudel; T. vulgare subsp. boreale (Fischer ex Candolle) Kuvaev; T. vulgare var. boreale (Fischer ex Candolle) Trautvetter & C. A. Meyer.
Herbs, perennial, 30-150 cm tall, from creeping, ± branched rhizome; stems solitary or clustered, erect, upper part corymbosely branched, usually glabrous. Basal stem leaves petiolate; leaf blade elliptic or elliptic-ovate, ca. 20 × 8-10 cm, 2-pinnatisect, both surfaces green or pale green; primary lateral segments to 12-paired; ultimate segments ovate, obliquely triangular, or narrowly elliptic; middle and upper stem leaves similar, sessile. Synflorescence a ± dense flat-topped panicle. Capitula (5-)10-70(-100), heterogamous, disciform. Involucre campanulate, 5-13 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, scarious margin narrow, white or brown, outer phyllaries ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm; middle and inner ones lanceolate, 3-4 mm. All florets yellow, tubular; outer ones female, disk florets bisexual; corolla 1.5-2.4 mm. Achenes 1.2-2 mm. Corona 0.1-0.4 mm, margin dentate. Fl. and fr. Jun-Aug. 2n = 18, 18 + 2B.
Mountain slopes, grasslands, floodlands, meadows, meadowy steppes, hills, forest understories; 200-2400 m. Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Turkmenistan; Europe, North America].
The whole plant is used as an insecticide.
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