中文名（Chinese Name）：羊乳
学名（Scientific Name）：Codonopsis lanceolata (Sieb. et Zucc.) Trautv.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：轮叶党参、羊奶参
异名（Synonym）：Campanumoea lanceolata Siebold et Zucc.；Glossocomia hortensis Rupr.；Glossocomia lanceolata Regel；Codonopsis bodinieri H. Lév.；Codonopsis yesoensis Nakai；Glosocomia hortensis Rupr.；Glosocomia lanceolata (Siebold & Zucc.) Rupr.；Codonopsis lanceolata var. amurae T.Koyama；Codonopsis lanceolata var. emaculata Honda；Codonopsis lanceolata f. emaculata (Honda) H.Hara；Codonopsis ussuriensis f. viridiflora J.Ohara
科属（Family & Genus）：桔梗科（Campanulaceae）党参属
形态特征（Description）：植株全体光滑无毛或茎叶偶疏生柔毛。茎基略近于圆锥状或圆柱状，表面有多数瘤状茎痕，根常肥大呈纺锤状而有少数细小侧根，长约10-20厘米，直径1-6厘米，表面灰黄色，近上部有稀疏环纹，而下部则疏生横长皮孔。茎缠绕，长约1米，直径3-4毫米，常有多数短细分枝，黄绿而微带紫色。叶在主茎上的互生，披针形或菱状狭卵形，细小，长0.8-1.4厘米，宽3-7毫米；在小枝顶端通常2-4叶簇生，而近于对生或轮生状，叶柄短小，长1-5毫米，叶片菱状卵形、狭卵形或椭圆形，长3-10厘米，宽1.3-4.5厘米，顶端尖或钝，基部渐狭，通常全缘或有疏波状锯齿，上面绿色，下面灰绿色，叶脉明显。花单生或对生于小枝顶端；花梗长1-9厘米；花萼贴生至子房中部，筒部半球状，裂片湾缺尖狭，或开花后渐变宽钝，裂片卵状三角形，长1.3-3厘米，宽0.5-1厘米，端尖，全缘；花冠阔钟状，长2-4厘米，直径2-3.5厘米，浅裂，裂片三角状，反卷，长约0.5-1厘米，黄绿色或乳白色内有紫色斑；花盘肉质，深绿色；花丝钻状，基部微扩大，长约4-6毫米，花药3-5毫米；子房下位。蒴果下部半球状，上部有喙，直径约2-2.5厘米。种子多数，卵形，有翼，细小，棕色。花果期7-8月。
分布（Distribution）：产东北、华北、华东及中南各省区。生于山地森林下沟边阴湿地区或阔叶林中。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 19 Page 513, 515
Codonopsis lanceolata (Siebold & Zuccarini) Trautvetter, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada. 6: 46. 1879.
羊乳 yang ru | Campanulaceae  | Codonopsis
Campanumoea lanceolata Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. 1: 174. 1841; C. japonica Siebold ex E. Morren; Codonopsis bodinieri H. Léveillé; Glosocomia lanceolata (Siebold & Zuccarini) Maximowicz.
Plants glabrous throughout or occasionally sparsely villous on stems and leaves. Caudexes subcylindrical. Roots usually fusiform-thickened, 10-20 × 1-6 cm. Stems twining, yellow-green but with purplish shade, more than 100 cm, often branched. Leaves on main stems alternate, lanceolate, ovate, or elliptic, 8-14 × 3-7 mm; usually leaves 2-4-fascicled on top of branchlets, subopposite or verticillate, petiole 1-5 mm; blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially green, ovate, narrowly ovate, or elliptic, 3-12 × 1.3-5.5 cm, abaxially rarely hirsute, veins obvious, base attenuate or sometimes rounded, margin usually entire or sparsely sinuate, occasionally revolute and hispid, apex acute or obtuse. Flowers solitary or paired on top of branchlets; pedicels 1-9 cm. Calyx adnate to ovary by half; tube hemispherical; lobes ovate or deltoid, 1-3 × 0.5-1 cm, entire, acute; sinus between calyx lobes acute or gradually becoming broader after anthesis. Corolla broadly campanulate, 2-4 × 2-3.5 cm, shallowly lobed; lobes yellow-green or milk-white, with purple spots, deltoid, 0.5-1 cm, revolute. Disk dark green, fleshy. Filaments subulate, slightly dilated at base, 4-6 mm; anthers 3-5 mm; ovary inferior. Capsule hemispherical at base, rostrate toward apex, 1.6-3.5 cm in diam. Seeds numerous, brown, winged, seed body oblong or ellipsoid. Fl. and fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 16.
Shrublands, broad-leaved forests; 200-1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East)].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）