中文名（Chinese Name）：凤仙花
学名（Scientific Name）：Impatiens balsamina L.
英文名（English Common Name）：spotted snapweed
别名（Chinese Common Name）：急性子、指甲花
异名（Synonym）：Balsamina hortensis Desr.；Impatiens balsamma L.；Impatiens arcuata Benth.；Balsamina angustifolia Blume；Balsamina balsamina (L.) Huth；Balsamina coccinea DC.；Balsamina cornuta DC.；Balsamina foeminea Gaertn.；Balsamina lacca Medik.；Balsamina minutiflora Span.；Balsamina mollis G.Don；Balsamina odorata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don；Balsamina racemosa Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don；Impatiens cornuta L.；Impatiens eriocarpa Launert；Impatiens lobbiana Turcz.；Impatiens longifolia Wight；Impatiens malayensis Griff.；Impatiens rosea Lindl.；Impatiens stapfiana Gilg
科属（Family & Genus）：凤仙花科（Balsaminaceae）凤仙花属
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本，高60-100厘米。茎粗壮，肉质，直立，不分枝或有分枝，无毛或幼时被疏柔毛，基部直径可达8毫米，具多数纤维状根，下部节常膨大。叶互生，最下部叶有时对生；叶片披针形、狭椭圆形或倒披针形，长4-12厘米、宽1.5-3厘米，先端尖或渐尖，基部楔形，边缘有锐锯齿，向基部常有数对无柄的黑色腺体，两面无毛或被疏柔毛，侧脉4-7对；叶柄长1-3厘米，上面有浅沟，两侧具数对具柄的腺体。花单生或2-3朵簇生于叶腋，无总花梗，白色、粉红色或紫色，单瓣或重瓣；花梗长2-2.5厘米，密被柔毛；苞片线形，位于花梗的基部；侧生萼片2，卵形或卵状披针形，长2-3毫米，唇瓣深舟状，长13-19毫米，宽4-8毫米，被柔毛，基部急尖成长1-2.5厘米内弯的距；旗瓣圆形，兜状，先端微凹，背面中肋具狭龙骨状突起，顶端具小尖，翼瓣具短柄，长23-35毫米，2裂，下部裂片小，倒卵状长圆形，上部裂片近圆形，先端2浅裂，外缘近基部具小耳；雄蕊5，花丝线形，花药卵球形，顶端钝；子房纺锤形，密被柔毛。蒴果宽纺锤形，长10-20毫米：两端尖，密被柔毛。种子多数，圆球形，直径1.5-3毫米，黑褐色。花期7-10月
分布（Distribution）：我国各地广泛栽培，园艺种较多。
用途（Use）：民间常用其花及叶染指甲。茎及种子入药。茎称“凤仙透骨草”，有祛风湿、活血、止痛之效，用于治风湿性关节痛、屈伸不利；种子称“急性子”，有软坚、消积之效，用于治噎膈、骨鲠咽喉、腹部肿块、闭经。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 12 Page 43, 44, 58    
Impatiens balsamina Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 938. 1753.
凤仙花 feng xian hua| Balsaminaceae  | Impatiens
Balsamina hortensis Desportes (1816), not A. St.-Hilaire (1808).
Plants annual, 60-100 cm tall. Stem erect, robust, base ca. 8 mm in diam., succulent, simple or branched, glabrous or laxly pubescent when young, with many fibrous roots, lower nodes swollen. Leaves alternate, sometimes lowest ones opposite; petiole 1-3 cm, adaxially shallowly sulcate, both sides with few pairs of stipitate glands; leaf blade lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or oblanceolate, 4-12 × 1.5-3 cm, with a pair of sessile black glands toward base, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent, lateral veins 4-7 pairs, base cuneate, margin deeply serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 1-flowered, or 2 or 3 flowers fascicled in leaf axils, without peduncles. Pedicels 2-2.5 cm, densely pubescent, bracteate at base; bracts linear. Flowers white, pink, or purple, simple or double petalous. Lateral sepals 2, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 mm. Lower sepal deeply navicular, 13-19 × 4-8 mm, pubescent, abruptly narrowed into an incurved spur; spur 1-2.5 cm, slender. Upper petal orbicular, apex retuse, mucronulate, abaxial midvein narrowly carinate; lateral united petals shortly clawed, 2.3-2.5 cm, 2-lobed; basal lobes obovate-oblong, small; distal lobes suborbicular, apically retuse; auricule narrow. Stamens 5; filaments linear; anthers ovoid, apex obtuse. Ovary fusiform, densely pubescent. Capsule broadly fusiform, 1-2 cm, densely tomentose, narrowed at both ends. Seeds many, black-brown, globose, 1.5-3 mm in diam., tuberculate. Fl. Jul-Oct. 2n = 14*.
A common ornamental plant, widely cultivated in gardens and houses throughout China [native to SE Asia; cultivated worldwide].
The flowers and leaves are often used for coloring fingernails. The stem and seeds are used medicinally for promoting blood circulation and for relieving pain and sore throats.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）