赤瓟Thladiantha dubia

中文名(Chinese Name):赤瓟
学名(Scientific Name): Thladiantha dubia Bunge
英文名(English Common Name):Manchu tubergourd
别名(Chinese Common Name):赤包
异名(Synonym):
科属(Family & Genus):葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)赤瓟属
形态特征(Description):攀援草质藤本,全株被黄白色的长柔毛状硬毛;根块状;茎稍粗壮,有棱沟。叶柄稍粗,长2-6厘米;叶片宽卵状心形,长5-8厘米,宽4-9厘米,边缘浅波状,有大小不等的细齿,先端急尖或短渐尖,基部心形,弯缺深,近圆形或半圆形,深1-1.5厘米,宽1.5-3厘米,两面粗糙,脉上有长硬毛,最基部1对叶脉沿叶基弯缺边缘向外展开。卷须纤细,被长柔毛,单一。雌雄异株;雄花单生或聚生于短枝的上端呈假总状花序,有时2-3花生于总梗上,花梗细长,长1.5-3.5厘米,被柔软的长柔毛;花萼筒极短,近辐状,长约3-4毫米,上端径7-8毫米,裂片披针形,向外反折,长12-13毫米,宽2-3毫米,具3脉,两面有长柔毛;花冠黄色,裂片长圆形,长2-2.5厘米,宽0.8-1.2厘米,上部向外反折,先端稍急尖,具5条明显的脉,外面被短柔毛,内面有极短的疣状腺点;雄蕊5,着生在花萼筒簷部,其中1枚分离,其余4枚两两稍靠合,花丝极短,有短柔毛,长2-2.5毫米,花药卵形,长约2毫米;退化子房半球形。雌花单生,花梗细,长1-2厘米,有长柔毛;花萼和花冠雌雄花;退化雌蕊5,棒状,长约2毫米;子房长圆形,长0.5-0.8厘米,外面密被淡黄色长柔毛,花柱无毛,自3-4毫米处分3叉,分叉部分长约3毫米,柱头膨大,肾形,2裂。果实卵状长圆形,长4-5厘米,径2.8厘米,顶端有残留的柱基,基部稍变狭,表面橙黄色或红棕色,有光泽,被柔毛,具10条明显的纵纹。种子卵形,黑色,平滑无毛,长4-4.3毫米,宽2.5-3毫米,厚1.5毫米。花期6-8月,果期8-10月。
分布(Distribution):产东北、河北、山西、山东、陕西、甘肃及宁夏,生于海拔300-1800米的山坡、河谷及林缘湿处。
用途(Use):果实和根入药,果实能理气、活血、祛痰和利湿,根有活血去瘀、清热解毒、通乳之效。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 19 Page 22, 23  
Thladiantha dubia Bunge, Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 29. 1833.
赤瓟 chi bao | Cucurbitaceae  | Thladiantha
Plants climbing, herbaceous, pale yellow pubescent-hirsute. Roots tuberous. Stems robust, angular-sulcate. Petiole robust, 2-6 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate-cordate, 5-8 × 4-9 cm, both surfaces scabrous, hirsute on veins, basal lateral veins along margin of blade base, base cordate, margin irregularly dentate, apex acute or shortly acuminate; sinus deep, suborbicular or semicircular, 1-1.5 cm deep, 1.5-3 cm wide. Tendrils filiform, simple. Male flowers solitary or several congested on short rachis into pseudoraceme; pedicel filiform, 1.5-3.5 cm, pubescent; calyx tube very short, subrotate, 3-4 × 7-8 mm; segments reflexed, lanceolate, 12-13 × 2-3 mm; stamens 4 connected in pairs and 1 free, 2-2.5 mm, puberulent; anthers ovoid, ca. 2 mm; rudimentary ovary semiglobose. Female flowers solitary; pedicels slender, 1-2 cm, pubescent; calyx and corolla as in male flowers; staminodes 5; ovary oblong, 5-8 mm, densely pale yellow pubescent; style 3-fid; stigma enlarged, reniform, 2-lobed. Fruit orange-yellow, ovoid-oblong, 4-5 cm × ca. 28 mm, pubescent, with 10 longitudinal striae, base slightly attenuate. Seeds black, ovate, 4-4.3 × 2.5-3 mm, ca. 1.5 mm thick, smooth. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct.
Forest margins, valleys; 300-1800 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, N Sichuan [Korea; introduced in Japan].
The fruit and roots are used medicinally.
赤瓟Thladiantha dubia

赤瓟Thladiantha dubia

赤瓟Thladiantha dubia

赤瓟Thladiantha dubia

(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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