木鳖子Momordica cochinchinensis
中文名（Chinese Name）：木鳖子
学名（Scientific Name）：Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.
英文名（English Common Name）：balsampear
别名（Chinese Common Name）：番木鳖
异名（Synonym）：Momordica macrophylla Gage Momordica meloniflora Hand.-Mazz. Momordica mixta Roxb. Muricia cochinchinensis Lour. Zucca commersoniana Ser.
科属（Family & Genus）：葫芦科（Cucurbitaceae）苦瓜属
形态特征（Description）：粗壮大藤本，长达15米，具块状根；全株近无毛或稍被短柔毛，节间偶有绒毛。叶柄粗壮，长5-10厘米，初时被稀疏的黄褐色柔毛，后变近无毛，在基部或中部有2-4个腺体；叶片卵状心形或宽卵状圆形，质稍硬，长、宽均10-20厘米，3-5中裂至深裂或不分裂，中间的裂片最大，倒卵形或长圆状披针形，长6-10 (-15) 厘米，宽3-6 (-9) 厘米，先端急尖或渐尖，有短尖头，边缘有波状小齿或稀近全缘，侧裂片较小，卵形或长圆状披针形，长3-7 (-11) 厘米，宽2-4 (-7) 厘米，基部心形，基部弯缺半圆形，深1.5-2厘米，宽2.5-3厘米，叶脉掌状。卷须颇粗壮，光滑无毛，不分歧。雌雄异株。雄花：单生于叶腋或有时3-4朵着生在极短的总状花序轴上，花梗粗壮，近无毛，长3-5厘米，若单生时花梗长6-12厘米，顶端生一大型苞片；苞片无梗，兜状，圆肾形，长3-5厘米，宽5-8厘米，顶端微缺，全缘，有缘毛，基部稍凹陷，两面被短柔毛，内面稍粗糙；花萼筒漏斗状，裂片宽披针形或长圆形，长12-20毫米，宽6-8毫米，先端渐尖或急尖，有短柔毛；花冠黄色，裂片卵状长圆形，长5-6厘米，宽2-3厘米，先端急尖或渐尖，基部有齿状黄色腺体，腺体密被长柔毛，外面两枚稍大，内面3枚稍小，基部有黑斑；雄蕊3，2枚2室，1枚1室，药室1回折曲。雌花：单生于叶腋，花梗长5-10厘米，近中部生一苞片；苞片兜状，长、宽均为2毫米；花冠、花萼同雄花；子房卵状长圆形，长约1厘米，密生刺状毛。果实卵球形，顶端有1短喙，基部近圆，长达12-15厘米，成熟时红色，肉质，密生长3-4毫米的具刺尖的突起。种子多数，卵形或方形，干后黑褐色，长26-28毫米，宽18-20毫米，厚5-6毫米，边缘有齿，两面稍拱起，具雕纹。花期6-8月，果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产华东、华南、华中及西南部分省区，生于海拔450-1100米的山沟、林缘及路旁。中南半岛及印度半岛也有。
用途（Use）：种子、根和叶入药，有消肿、解毒止痛之效。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 19 Page 29, 30
Momordica cochinchinensis (Loureiro) Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 3: 14. 1826.
木鳖子 mu bie zi| Cucurbitaceae | Momordica
Muricia cochinchinensis Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 596. 1790; Momordica macrophylla Gage; M. meloniflora Handel-Mazzetti; M. mixta Roxburgh.
Climbers, strong, to 15 m. Root tuberous. Stem and branches glabrous or puberulent, sometimes tomentose at nodes. Tendrils robust, simple. Petiole robust, 5-10 cm, slightly yellow-brown pubescent or glabrescent, 2-4-glandular at base or middle; leaf blade cordate or broadly ovate-orbicular, 10-20 × 10-20 cm, 3-5-lobed; median lobe obovate or oblong-lanceolate, 6-10(-15) × 3-6(-9) cm, margin undulate-dentate, apex acute or acuminate; lateral lobes ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 3-7(-11) × 2-4(-7) cm, base cordate. Plants dioecious. Male flowers solitary or in a short raceme; pedicels robust, 3-5 cm, or 6-12 cm when solitary, bracteate at apex; bract orbicular-reniform, 3-5 × 5-8 cm, entire, retuse at apex; calyx tube funnelform; segments broadly lanceolate or oblong, 12-20 × 6-8 mm, apex acute or acuminate; corolla yellow; segments ovate-oblong, 5-6 × 2-3 cm, yellow glandular at base, apex acute or acuminate; stamens 3; anther cells reflexed. Female flower solitary; pedicel 5-10 cm, bracteate at middle; bract ca. 2 mm; calyx and corolla as in male flowers; ovary ovoid-oblong, ca. 1 cm, densely spinescent. Fruit red, ovoid, 12-15 cm in diam., fleshy, densely spinescent, apex rostellate. Seeds numerous, ash gray, ovoid or square, 26-28 × 18-20 mm, 5-6 mm thick, both surfaces sculptured, margin undulate-sublobulate. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct.
Forest margins and roadsides on mountain slopes; 400-1100 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Myanmar].
The seeds, roots, and leaves are used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.
英文名（English Common Name）：balsampear
别名（Chinese Common Name）：番木鳖
异名（Synonym）：Momordica macrophylla Gage Momordica meloniflora Hand.-Mazz. Momordica mixta Roxb. Muricia cochinchinensis Lour. Zucca commersoniana Ser.
科属（Family & Genus）：葫芦科（Cucurbitaceae）苦瓜属
形态特征（Description）：粗壮大藤本，长达15米，具块状根；全株近无毛或稍被短柔毛，节间偶有绒毛。叶柄粗壮，长5-10厘米，初时被稀疏的黄褐色柔毛，后变近无毛，在基部或中部有2-4个腺体；叶片卵状心形或宽卵状圆形，质稍硬，长、宽均10-20厘米，3-5中裂至深裂或不分裂，中间的裂片最大，倒卵形或长圆状披针形，长6-10 (-15) 厘米，宽3-6 (-9) 厘米，先端急尖或渐尖，有短尖头，边缘有波状小齿或稀近全缘，侧裂片较小，卵形或长圆状披针形，长3-7 (-11) 厘米，宽2-4 (-7) 厘米，基部心形，基部弯缺半圆形，深1.5-2厘米，宽2.5-3厘米，叶脉掌状。卷须颇粗壮，光滑无毛，不分歧。雌雄异株。雄花：单生于叶腋或有时3-4朵着生在极短的总状花序轴上，花梗粗壮，近无毛，长3-5厘米，若单生时花梗长6-12厘米，顶端生一大型苞片；苞片无梗，兜状，圆肾形，长3-5厘米，宽5-8厘米，顶端微缺，全缘，有缘毛，基部稍凹陷，两面被短柔毛，内面稍粗糙；花萼筒漏斗状，裂片宽披针形或长圆形，长12-20毫米，宽6-8毫米，先端渐尖或急尖，有短柔毛；花冠黄色，裂片卵状长圆形，长5-6厘米，宽2-3厘米，先端急尖或渐尖，基部有齿状黄色腺体，腺体密被长柔毛，外面两枚稍大，内面3枚稍小，基部有黑斑；雄蕊3，2枚2室，1枚1室，药室1回折曲。雌花：单生于叶腋，花梗长5-10厘米，近中部生一苞片；苞片兜状，长、宽均为2毫米；花冠、花萼同雄花；子房卵状长圆形，长约1厘米，密生刺状毛。果实卵球形，顶端有1短喙，基部近圆，长达12-15厘米，成熟时红色，肉质，密生长3-4毫米的具刺尖的突起。种子多数，卵形或方形，干后黑褐色，长26-28毫米，宽18-20毫米，厚5-6毫米，边缘有齿，两面稍拱起，具雕纹。花期6-8月，果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产华东、华南、华中及西南部分省区，生于海拔450-1100米的山沟、林缘及路旁。中南半岛及印度半岛也有。
用途（Use）：种子、根和叶入药，有消肿、解毒止痛之效。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 19 Page 29, 30
Momordica cochinchinensis (Loureiro) Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 3: 14. 1826.
木鳖子 mu bie zi| Cucurbitaceae | Momordica
Muricia cochinchinensis Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 596. 1790; Momordica macrophylla Gage; M. meloniflora Handel-Mazzetti; M. mixta Roxburgh.
Climbers, strong, to 15 m. Root tuberous. Stem and branches glabrous or puberulent, sometimes tomentose at nodes. Tendrils robust, simple. Petiole robust, 5-10 cm, slightly yellow-brown pubescent or glabrescent, 2-4-glandular at base or middle; leaf blade cordate or broadly ovate-orbicular, 10-20 × 10-20 cm, 3-5-lobed; median lobe obovate or oblong-lanceolate, 6-10(-15) × 3-6(-9) cm, margin undulate-dentate, apex acute or acuminate; lateral lobes ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 3-7(-11) × 2-4(-7) cm, base cordate. Plants dioecious. Male flowers solitary or in a short raceme; pedicels robust, 3-5 cm, or 6-12 cm when solitary, bracteate at apex; bract orbicular-reniform, 3-5 × 5-8 cm, entire, retuse at apex; calyx tube funnelform; segments broadly lanceolate or oblong, 12-20 × 6-8 mm, apex acute or acuminate; corolla yellow; segments ovate-oblong, 5-6 × 2-3 cm, yellow glandular at base, apex acute or acuminate; stamens 3; anther cells reflexed. Female flower solitary; pedicel 5-10 cm, bracteate at middle; bract ca. 2 mm; calyx and corolla as in male flowers; ovary ovoid-oblong, ca. 1 cm, densely spinescent. Fruit red, ovoid, 12-15 cm in diam., fleshy, densely spinescent, apex rostellate. Seeds numerous, ash gray, ovoid or square, 26-28 × 18-20 mm, 5-6 mm thick, both surfaces sculptured, margin undulate-sublobulate. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct.
Forest margins and roadsides on mountain slopes; 400-1100 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Myanmar].
The seeds, roots, and leaves are used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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