金银花Lonicera japonica

金银花Lonicera japonica

金银花Lonicera japonica

金银花Lonicera japonica

中文名(Chinese Name):金银花
学名(Scientific Name):Lonicera japonica Thunb.
英文名(English Common Name):Japanese honeysuckle
别名(Chinese Common Name):忍冬、金银藤
异名(Synonym):Caprifolium japonicum (Thunb.) Dum. Cours.;Lonicera fauriei H. Lév. et Vaniot;Lonicera shintenensis Hayata;Nintooa japonica (Thunb.) Sweet;Lonicera japonica var. sempervillosa Hayata;Caprifolium chinense S.Watson ex Loudon;Caprifolium roseum Lam.
科属(Family & Genus):忍冬科(Caprifoliaceae)忍冬属
形态特征(Description):半常绿藤本;幼枝洁红褐色,密被黄褐色、开展的硬直糙毛、腺毛和短柔毛,下部常无毛。叶纸质,卵形至矩圆状卵形,有时卵状披针形,稀圆卵形或倒卵形,极少有1至数个钝缺刻,长3-5 (-9.5) 厘米,顶端尖或渐尖,少有钝、圆或微凹缺,基部圆或近心形,有糙缘毛,上面深绿色,下面淡绿色,小枝上部叶通常两面均密被短糙毛,下部叶常平滑无毛而下面多少带青灰色;叶柄长4-8毫米,密被短柔毛。总花梗通常单生于小枝上部叶腋,与叶柄等长或稍较短,下方者则长达2-4厘米,密被短柔后,并夹杂腺毛;苞片大,叶状,卵形至椭圆形,长达2-3厘米,两面均有短柔毛或有时近无毛;小苞片顶端圆形或截形,长约1毫米,为萼筒的1/2-4/5,有短糙毛和腺毛;萼筒长约2毫米,无毛,萼齿卵状三角形或长三角形,顶端尖而有长毛,外面和边缘都有密毛;花冠白色,有时基部向阳面呈微红,后变黄色,长 (2-) 3-4.5 (-6) 厘米,唇形,筒稍长于唇瓣,很少近等长,外被多少倒生的开展或半开展糙毛和长腺毛,上唇裂片顶端钝形,下唇带状而反曲;雄蕊和花柱均高出花冠。果实圆形,直径6-7毫米,熟时蓝黑色,有光泽;种子卵圆形或椭圆形,褐色,长约3毫米,中部有1凸起的脊,两侧有浅的横沟纹。花期4-6月(秋季亦常开花),果熟期10-11月。
分布(Distribution):除黑龙江、内蒙、宁夏、青海、新疆、海南及西藏外,全国各省均有。生于海拔最高1500米的山坡灌丛或疏林中、路边等处。日本及朝鲜也有。
用途(Use):金银花性甘寒,功能清热解毒、消炎退肿,对细菌性痢疾和各种化脓性疾病都有效。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 19 Page 621, 637
Lonicera japonica Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14. 216. 1784.
忍冬 ren dong | Caprifoliaceae  | Lonicera
Climbers, semievergreen. Branches becoming hollow. Branches, petioles, and peduncles with dense, yellow-brown spreading stiff hairs, interspersed with long glandular hairs. Petiole 3-8 mm; leaf blade ovate or oblong to lanceolate, 3-8 × 1.5-4 cm, abaxially sparsely to densely hairy, adaxially hairy along veins, base rounded to subcordate, margin ciliate, occasionally sinuate, apex acute to acuminate. Flowers fragrant, paired and axillary toward apices of branchlets; peduncle 2-40 mm, shorter toward apex of branchlets; bracts leaflike, ovate to elliptic, 1-3 cm; bracteoles ca. 1 mm, pubescent, apex rounded or truncate and ciliate. Neighboring 2 ovaries free; ovary ca. 2 mm, glabrous. Calyx lobes triangular, ca. 1 mm, densely hairy abaxially and along margin, apex acute. Corolla bilabiate, white, becoming yellow, or purple outside and white inside, 3-5 cm, spreading hairy with interspersed long glandular hairs outside; tube 1.5-3 cm, not gibbous at base; upper lip irregularly 4-lobed, lobes 2-8 mm; lower lip recurved. Stamens and style glabrous, subequaling to exceeding corolla. Berries black when mature, glossy, globose, 6-7 mm in diam.; seeds brown, ovoid or ellipsoid, ca. 3 mm, shallowly pitted. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Oct-Nov. 2n = 18*.
Scrub, sparse forests, mountain slopes, stony places, roadsides; (800-)1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea; widely cultivated in SE Asia; introduced and invasive in North America].
(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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