通城马兜铃Aristolochia fordiana

通城马兜铃Aristolochia fordiana

通城马兜铃Aristolochia fordiana

中文名(Chinese Name):通城马兜铃
学名(Scientific Name):Aristolochia fordiana Hemsl.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):通城虎
异名(Synonym):
科属(Family & Genus):马兜铃科(Aristolochiaceae)马兜铃属
形态特征(Description):草质藤本;根圆柱形,细长;茎无毛,干后常有纵棱。叶革质或薄革质,卵状心形或卵状三角形,长10-12厘米,宽5-8厘米,顶端长渐尖或短渐尖,基部心形,两侧裂片近圆形,长约3厘米,下垂或扩展,边全缘,上面绿色,无毛,下面粉绿色仅网脉上密被茸毛,茸毛与网脉成垂直方向;基出脉5-7条,侧脉近边缘弯拱并与网脉互相连接,网脉在下面凸起,最末级网脉树枝状,互相不连接;密布油点,揉之具芳香;叶柄长2-4厘米,上面具纵槽,基部稍膨大,近无毛。总状花序长达4厘米,有花3-4朵或有时仅一朵,腋生,苞片和小苞片卵形或钻形,长3-10毫米,宽1-4毫米,顶端急尖,基部圆形或楔形,具短柄,下面被短柔毛;花梗长约8毫米;花被管基部膨大呈球形,直径约3.5毫米,外面绿色,向上急遽收狭成一长管,管直径约2毫米,管口扩大呈漏斗状;檐部一侧极短,边缘有时向下翻,另一侧延伸成舌片;舌片卵状长圆形,长l-1.5厘米,顶端钝而具凸尖,暗紫色,有3-5条纵脉和网脉,被稀疏短柔毛或无毛;花药卵形,着生于合蕊柱近基部,并单个与其裂片对生;子房圆柱形,长约5毫米,具6纵棱;合蕊柱粗厚,肉质,顶端6裂;裂片顶端钝,向下延伸成6裂的圆环。蒴果长圆形或倒卵形,长3-4厘米,直径1.5-2厘米,褐色,成熟时由基部向上6瓣开裂,果梗亦随之开裂;种子卵状三角形,长和宽均约5毫米,褐色,背面平凸状,具小疣点,腹面凹入。花期3-4月,果期5-7月。
分布(Distribution):产广西、广东、江西、浙江及福建,生于山谷林下灌丛中和山地石隙中。
用途(Use):根供药用。味苦、辛,性温,有小毒。有解毒消肿、祛风镇痛、行气止咳之效。民间治疗胃痛、胸腹胀痛、风湿关节炎,外用治疗毒,湿疹、疥癣等
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 5 Page 266
Aristolochia fordiana Hemsley, J. Bot. 23: 286. 1885.
通城虎 tong cheng hu| Aristolochiaceae  | Aristolochia
Herbs twining. Stems 6-angled, glabrous. Petiole 2-4 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-cordate to ovate-triangular, 10-12 × 5-10 cm, leathery, abaxially densely puberulous, hairs on veinlets forming closely foveolate reticulation, adaxially glabrous, veins palmate, 2-3 pairs from base, base cordate, sinus 1-1.5 cm deep, apex acute or acuminate. Racemes in axils of leafy shoots, 3- or 4-flowered, 3-5 cm. Pedicel ascending, ca. 0.8 cm, glabrous; bractlets subulate to lanceolate-ovate, 3-10 × 1-4 mm, base rounded to cuneate. Calyx yellowish green, limb dark purple; tube rectilinear or slightly curved, abaxially glabrous; utricle globose, ca. 3.5 mm in diam., sessile; tube ca. 15 × 2 mm; limb unilateral, ligulate, ovate-oblong, 1-1.5 × ca. 0.5 cm. Anthers elliptic, ca. 0.3 mm. Gynostemium 6-lobed. Capsule cylindric or obovoid, 3-4 × 1.5-2 cm, dehiscing acropetally. Seeds ovoid-triangular, ca. 5 × 5 mm. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. May-Jul.
* Thickets, in valleys, rock fissures; 500-700 m. Guangdong, Guangxi.
This species is used medicinally.
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