榅桲Cydonia oblonga
中文名（Chinese Name）：榅桲
学名（Scientific Name）：Cydonia oblonga Mill.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：木梨
异名（Synonym）：Cydonia vulgaris Pers. Pyrus cydonia L. Cydonia communis Loisel. Cydonia europaea Savi Cydonia maliformis Beck Cydonia sumboshia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Pyrus-Cydonia cydonia Weston Sorbus cydonia Crantz Cydonia communis subtaxon oblonga Poir. Cydonia silvestris subtaxon communis Risso Cydonia silvestris subtaxon microcarpa Risso Cydonia vulgaris subtaxon communis (Risso) M.Roem. Cydonia vulgaris subtaxon oblonga Risso Cydonia vulgaris subtaxon silvestris (Risso) M.Roem.
科属（Family & Genus）：蔷薇科Rosaceae榅桲属Cydonia
形态特征（Description）：灌木或小乔木，有时高达8米；小枝细弱，无刺，圆柱形，嫩枝密被绒毛，以后脱落，紫红色，二年生枝条无毛，紫褐色，有稀疏皮孔；冬芽卵形，先端急尖，被绒毛，紫褐色。叶片卵形至长圆形，长5-10厘米，宽3-5厘米，先端急尖、凸尖或微凹，基部圆形或近心形，上面无毛或幼嫩时有疏生柔毛，深绿色，下面密被长柔毛，浅绿色，叶脉显著；叶柄长8-15毫米，被绒毛；托叶膜质，卵形，先端急尖，边缘有腺齿，近于无毛，早落。花单生；花梗长约5毫米或近于无柄，密被绒毛；苞片膜质，卵形，早落；花直径4-5厘米；萼筒钟状，外面密被绒毛；萼片卵形至宽披针形，长5-6毫米，先端急尖，边缘有腺齿，反折，比萼筒长，内外两面均被绒毛；花瓣倒卵形，长约1.8厘米，白色；雄蕊20，长不及花瓣之半；花柱5，离生，约与雄蕊等长，基部密被长绒毛。果实梨形，直径3-5厘米，密被短绒毛，黄色，有香味；萼片宿存反折；果梗短粗，长约5毫米，被绒毛。花期4-5月，果期10月。
分布（Distribution）：我国新疆、陕西、江西、福建等地有栽培。
用途（Use）：果实芳香，味酸可供生食或煮食。又供药用
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 9 Page 170
Cydonia oblonga Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. Cydonia no. 1. 1768.
榅桲 wen po | Rosaceae | Cydonia
Pyrus cydonia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 480. 1753; Cydonia vulgaris Persoon.
Shrubs or small trees, to 8 m tall. Branchlets purplish red when young, purplish brown when old, terete, initially densely tomentose, glabrous when old, sparsely lenticellate; buds purplish brown, tomentose. Stipules caducous, ovate; petiole 0.8–1.5 cm, tomentose; leaf blade ovate to oblong, 5–10 × 3–5 cm, abaxially with conspicuous veins and densely villous, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent when young, base rounded or subcordate, margin entire, apex acute or emarginate. Pedicel ca. 5 mm or nearly absent, densely tomentose. Flowers 4–5 cm in diam.; bracts caducous, ovate. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially densely tomentose. Sepals ovate or broadly lanceolate, 5–6 mm, longer than hypanthium, both surfaces tomentose, margin glandular serrate, apex acute. Petals white or pinkish, ca. 1.8 cm. Stamens less than 1/2 as long as petals. Styles nearly as long as stamens, densely villous basally. Fruit fragrant, yellow, pear-shaped, 3–5 cm in diam., densely tomentose; with persistent reflexed sepals; fruiting pedicel ca. 5 mm, stout, tomentose. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Oct. 2n = 34*.
Cultivated. Fujian, Guizhou, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi (Qin Ling), Shanxi, Xinjiang [native to C Asia].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Cydonia oblonga Mill.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：木梨
异名（Synonym）：Cydonia vulgaris Pers. Pyrus cydonia L. Cydonia communis Loisel. Cydonia europaea Savi Cydonia maliformis Beck Cydonia sumboshia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Pyrus-Cydonia cydonia Weston Sorbus cydonia Crantz Cydonia communis subtaxon oblonga Poir. Cydonia silvestris subtaxon communis Risso Cydonia silvestris subtaxon microcarpa Risso Cydonia vulgaris subtaxon communis (Risso) M.Roem. Cydonia vulgaris subtaxon oblonga Risso Cydonia vulgaris subtaxon silvestris (Risso) M.Roem.
科属（Family & Genus）：蔷薇科Rosaceae榅桲属Cydonia
形态特征（Description）：灌木或小乔木，有时高达8米；小枝细弱，无刺，圆柱形，嫩枝密被绒毛，以后脱落，紫红色，二年生枝条无毛，紫褐色，有稀疏皮孔；冬芽卵形，先端急尖，被绒毛，紫褐色。叶片卵形至长圆形，长5-10厘米，宽3-5厘米，先端急尖、凸尖或微凹，基部圆形或近心形，上面无毛或幼嫩时有疏生柔毛，深绿色，下面密被长柔毛，浅绿色，叶脉显著；叶柄长8-15毫米，被绒毛；托叶膜质，卵形，先端急尖，边缘有腺齿，近于无毛，早落。花单生；花梗长约5毫米或近于无柄，密被绒毛；苞片膜质，卵形，早落；花直径4-5厘米；萼筒钟状，外面密被绒毛；萼片卵形至宽披针形，长5-6毫米，先端急尖，边缘有腺齿，反折，比萼筒长，内外两面均被绒毛；花瓣倒卵形，长约1.8厘米，白色；雄蕊20，长不及花瓣之半；花柱5，离生，约与雄蕊等长，基部密被长绒毛。果实梨形，直径3-5厘米，密被短绒毛，黄色，有香味；萼片宿存反折；果梗短粗，长约5毫米，被绒毛。花期4-5月，果期10月。
分布（Distribution）：我国新疆、陕西、江西、福建等地有栽培。
用途（Use）：果实芳香，味酸可供生食或煮食。又供药用
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 9 Page 170
Cydonia oblonga Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. Cydonia no. 1. 1768.
榅桲 wen po | Rosaceae | Cydonia
Pyrus cydonia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 480. 1753; Cydonia vulgaris Persoon.
Shrubs or small trees, to 8 m tall. Branchlets purplish red when young, purplish brown when old, terete, initially densely tomentose, glabrous when old, sparsely lenticellate; buds purplish brown, tomentose. Stipules caducous, ovate; petiole 0.8–1.5 cm, tomentose; leaf blade ovate to oblong, 5–10 × 3–5 cm, abaxially with conspicuous veins and densely villous, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent when young, base rounded or subcordate, margin entire, apex acute or emarginate. Pedicel ca. 5 mm or nearly absent, densely tomentose. Flowers 4–5 cm in diam.; bracts caducous, ovate. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially densely tomentose. Sepals ovate or broadly lanceolate, 5–6 mm, longer than hypanthium, both surfaces tomentose, margin glandular serrate, apex acute. Petals white or pinkish, ca. 1.8 cm. Stamens less than 1/2 as long as petals. Styles nearly as long as stamens, densely villous basally. Fruit fragrant, yellow, pear-shaped, 3–5 cm in diam., densely tomentose; with persistent reflexed sepals; fruiting pedicel ca. 5 mm, stout, tomentose. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Oct. 2n = 34*.
Cultivated. Fujian, Guizhou, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi (Qin Ling), Shanxi, Xinjiang [native to C Asia].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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