榆树Ulmus pumila
中文名（Chinese Name）：榆树
学名（Scientific Name）：Ulmus pumila L.
英文名（English Common Name）：Siberian elm
别名（Chinese Common Name）：白榆、家榆
异名（Synonym）：Ulmus campestris var. pumila (L.) Maxim. Ulmus manshurica Nakai Ulmus pumila var. microphylla Pers. Ulmus turkestanica Req. Ulmus pinnato-ramosa Dieck ex Koehne
科属（Family & Genus）：榆科（Ulmaceae）榆属
形态特征（Description）：落叶乔木，高达25米，胸径1米，在干瘠之地长成灌木状；幼树树皮平滑，灰褐色或浅灰色，大树之皮暗灰色，不规则深纵裂，粗糙；小枝无毛或有毛，淡黄灰色、淡褐灰色或灰色，稀淡褐黄色或黄色，有散生皮孔，无膨大的木栓层及凸起的木栓翅；冬芽近球形或卵圆形，芽鳞背面无毛，内层芽鳞的边缘具白色长柔毛。叶椭圆状卵形、长卵形、椭圆状披针形或卵状披针形，长2-8厘米，宽1.2-3.5厘米，先端渐尖或长渐尖，基部偏斜或近对称，一侧楔形至圆，另一侧圆至半心脏形，叶面平滑无毛，叶背幼时有短柔毛，后变无毛或部分脉腋有簇生毛，边缘具重锯齿或单锯齿，侧脉每边9-16条，叶柄长4-10毫米，通常仅上面有短柔毛。花先叶开放，在去年生枝的叶腋成簇生状。翅果近圆形，稀倒卵状圆形，长1.2-2厘米，除顶端缺口柱头面被毛外，余处无毛，果核部分位于翅果的中部，上端不接近或接近缺口，成熟前后其色与果翅相同，初淡绿色，后白黄色，宿存花被无毛，4浅裂，裂片边缘有毛，果梗较花被为短，长1-2毫米，被（或稀无）短柔毛。花果期3-6月（东北较晚）。
分布（Distribution）：分布于东北、华北、西北及西南各省区，生于海拔1 000-2500米以下之山坡、山谷、川地、丘陵及沙岗等处。朝鲜、俄罗斯、蒙古也有。
用途（Use）：边材窄，淡黄褐色，心材暗灰褐色，纹理直，结构略粗，坚实耐用。供家具、车辆、农具、器具、桥梁、建筑等用。树皮内含淀粉及粘性物，磨成粉称榆皮面。掺合面粉中可食用，并为作醋原料；枝皮纤维坚韧，可代麻制绳索、麻袋或作人造棉与造纸原料；幼嫩翅果与面粉混拌可蒸食，老果含油25％，可供医药和轻、化工业用；叶可作饲料。树皮、叶及翅果均可药用，能安神、利小便。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 5 Page 6
Ulmus pumila Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 326. 1753.
榆树 yu shu| Ulmaceae | Ulmus
Ulmus campestris Linnaeus var. pumila (Linnaeus) Maximowicz; U. pumila var. microphylla Persoon; U. manshurica Nakai.
Trees, to 25 m tall, d.b.h. to 1 m, deciduous. Bark dark gray, irregularly longitudinally fissured. Branchlets yellowish gray, glabrous or pubescent, unwinged and without a corky layer, with scattered lenticels. Winter buds dark brown to red-brown, ± globose to ovoid; inner bud scale margin usually white ciliate. Petiole 4-10 mm, pubescent; leaf blade elliptic-ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 2-8 × 1.2-3.5 cm, abaxially pubescent when young but glabrescent or with tufts of hairs in vein axils or sometimes a few hairs on midvein and in forks of secondary veins, adaxially glabrous, base obliquely to symmetrically obtuse to rounded, margin simply or sometimes doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 9-16 on each side of midvein. Inflorescences fascicled cymes on second year branchlets, appearing before leaves. Perianth 4-lobed, margin ciliate. Samaras whitish tan, ± orbicular to rarely broadly obovate or elliptical, 1-2 × 1-1.5 cm, glabrous except for pubescence on stigmatic surface; stalk 1-2 mm; perianth persistent. Seed at center of samara or occasionally slightly toward apex but not reaching the apical notch. Fl. and fr. Mar-May. 2n = 28.
Slopes, valleys, plains; 1000-2500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, E Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Korea, Mongolia, E Russia; C Asia].
This species is cultivated throughout China.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Ulmus pumila L.
英文名（English Common Name）：Siberian elm
别名（Chinese Common Name）：白榆、家榆
异名（Synonym）：Ulmus campestris var. pumila (L.) Maxim. Ulmus manshurica Nakai Ulmus pumila var. microphylla Pers. Ulmus turkestanica Req. Ulmus pinnato-ramosa Dieck ex Koehne
科属（Family & Genus）：榆科（Ulmaceae）榆属
形态特征（Description）：落叶乔木，高达25米，胸径1米，在干瘠之地长成灌木状；幼树树皮平滑，灰褐色或浅灰色，大树之皮暗灰色，不规则深纵裂，粗糙；小枝无毛或有毛，淡黄灰色、淡褐灰色或灰色，稀淡褐黄色或黄色，有散生皮孔，无膨大的木栓层及凸起的木栓翅；冬芽近球形或卵圆形，芽鳞背面无毛，内层芽鳞的边缘具白色长柔毛。叶椭圆状卵形、长卵形、椭圆状披针形或卵状披针形，长2-8厘米，宽1.2-3.5厘米，先端渐尖或长渐尖，基部偏斜或近对称，一侧楔形至圆，另一侧圆至半心脏形，叶面平滑无毛，叶背幼时有短柔毛，后变无毛或部分脉腋有簇生毛，边缘具重锯齿或单锯齿，侧脉每边9-16条，叶柄长4-10毫米，通常仅上面有短柔毛。花先叶开放，在去年生枝的叶腋成簇生状。翅果近圆形，稀倒卵状圆形，长1.2-2厘米，除顶端缺口柱头面被毛外，余处无毛，果核部分位于翅果的中部，上端不接近或接近缺口，成熟前后其色与果翅相同，初淡绿色，后白黄色，宿存花被无毛，4浅裂，裂片边缘有毛，果梗较花被为短，长1-2毫米，被（或稀无）短柔毛。花果期3-6月（东北较晚）。
分布（Distribution）：分布于东北、华北、西北及西南各省区，生于海拔1 000-2500米以下之山坡、山谷、川地、丘陵及沙岗等处。朝鲜、俄罗斯、蒙古也有。
用途（Use）：边材窄，淡黄褐色，心材暗灰褐色，纹理直，结构略粗，坚实耐用。供家具、车辆、农具、器具、桥梁、建筑等用。树皮内含淀粉及粘性物，磨成粉称榆皮面。掺合面粉中可食用，并为作醋原料；枝皮纤维坚韧，可代麻制绳索、麻袋或作人造棉与造纸原料；幼嫩翅果与面粉混拌可蒸食，老果含油25％，可供医药和轻、化工业用；叶可作饲料。树皮、叶及翅果均可药用，能安神、利小便。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 5 Page 6
Ulmus pumila Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 326. 1753.
榆树 yu shu| Ulmaceae | Ulmus
Ulmus campestris Linnaeus var. pumila (Linnaeus) Maximowicz; U. pumila var. microphylla Persoon; U. manshurica Nakai.
Trees, to 25 m tall, d.b.h. to 1 m, deciduous. Bark dark gray, irregularly longitudinally fissured. Branchlets yellowish gray, glabrous or pubescent, unwinged and without a corky layer, with scattered lenticels. Winter buds dark brown to red-brown, ± globose to ovoid; inner bud scale margin usually white ciliate. Petiole 4-10 mm, pubescent; leaf blade elliptic-ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 2-8 × 1.2-3.5 cm, abaxially pubescent when young but glabrescent or with tufts of hairs in vein axils or sometimes a few hairs on midvein and in forks of secondary veins, adaxially glabrous, base obliquely to symmetrically obtuse to rounded, margin simply or sometimes doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 9-16 on each side of midvein. Inflorescences fascicled cymes on second year branchlets, appearing before leaves. Perianth 4-lobed, margin ciliate. Samaras whitish tan, ± orbicular to rarely broadly obovate or elliptical, 1-2 × 1-1.5 cm, glabrous except for pubescence on stigmatic surface; stalk 1-2 mm; perianth persistent. Seed at center of samara or occasionally slightly toward apex but not reaching the apical notch. Fl. and fr. Mar-May. 2n = 28.
Slopes, valleys, plains; 1000-2500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, E Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Korea, Mongolia, E Russia; C Asia].
This species is cultivated throughout China.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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