刚松Pinus rigida
中文名（Chinese Name）：刚松
学名（Scientific Name）：Pinus rigida Mill.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：硬叶松
异名（Synonym）：Pinus taeda var. rigida (Mill.) Aiton Pinus loddigesii Loudon Pinus rigida f. globosa Allard
科属（Family & Genus）：松科Pinaceae松属Pinus
形态特征（Description）：乔木，在原产地高达25米；幼树树皮灰色或暗灰色，大树树皮暗灰褐色或黑灰色，裂成鳞状块片，裂缝红褐色；树冠近球形；主干及枝通常有不定芽；枝条每年生长多轮；一年生枝红褐色，老枝灰色或灰黑色；冬芽红褐色，卵圆形或圆柱状长卵圆形，顶端尖，被较多的树脂。针叶3针一束，坚硬，长7-16厘米，径2毫米，先端尖；横切面三角形，多层皮下层细胞，在表皮层下呈倒三角状断续分布，树脂道5-8，中生，稀1-3个内生；叶鞘黄褐色至暗灰褐色。球果常3-5个聚生于小枝基部，圆锥状卵圆形，长5-8厘米或更长，成熟前绿色，熟时栗褐色．种鳞迟张开，常宿存树上达数年之久；种鳞的鳞盾强隆起，横脊显著，鳞脐隆起有长尖刺；种子倒卵圆形，长约4毫米，种翅长约1.3厘米。花期4-5月，球果第二年秋季成熟。
分布（Distribution）：原产美国东部。我国旅顺、大连、熊岳、兴隆、青岛、富阳、南京等地引种栽培作庭园树。在东北地区生长较慢，在南京、富阳等地生长较快。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 4 Page 19
Pinus rigida Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. Pinus no. 10. 1768.
刚松 gang song | Pinaceae | Pinus
Trees to 30 m tall; trunk straight or crooked, to 0.9 m d.b.h. in native range, usually with adventitious sprouts; bark red-brown, with deeply and irregularly oblong, flat, scaly ridges; crown rounded or irregular; 2nd-year branchlets orange-brown, aging darker brown, stout, mostly more than 5 mm wide, rough; winter buds red-brown, ovoid or ovoid-cylindric, resinous, scales fringed at margin. Needles 3(-5) per bundle, deep or pale yellow-green, twisted, 5-10(-15) cm × 1-1.5(-2) mm, stomatal lines present on all surfaces, base with persistent sheath 0.9-1.2 cm. Seed cones often clustered, sessile or shortly pedunculate, dull brown or pale red-brown, conical or ovoid before opening, broadly ovoid with flat or slightly convex base when open, 3-9 cm, maturing in 2 years, dehiscent. Seed scales with dark red-brown border adaxially distally; apophyses rhombic, slightly raised, strongly cross keeled; umbo low pyramidal, with a slender, reflexed prickle. Seeds dark brown, mottled darker or nearly black, broadly obliquely obovoid-deltoid, 4-6 mm; wing 1.5-2 cm.
Cultivated. Fujian, Jiangsu (Nanjing Shi), Jiangxi (Lu Shan), Liaoning, Shandong (Qingdao Shi) [native to SE Canada, E United States]
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Pinus rigida Mill.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：硬叶松
异名（Synonym）：Pinus taeda var. rigida (Mill.) Aiton Pinus loddigesii Loudon Pinus rigida f. globosa Allard
科属（Family & Genus）：松科Pinaceae松属Pinus
形态特征（Description）：乔木，在原产地高达25米；幼树树皮灰色或暗灰色，大树树皮暗灰褐色或黑灰色，裂成鳞状块片，裂缝红褐色；树冠近球形；主干及枝通常有不定芽；枝条每年生长多轮；一年生枝红褐色，老枝灰色或灰黑色；冬芽红褐色，卵圆形或圆柱状长卵圆形，顶端尖，被较多的树脂。针叶3针一束，坚硬，长7-16厘米，径2毫米，先端尖；横切面三角形，多层皮下层细胞，在表皮层下呈倒三角状断续分布，树脂道5-8，中生，稀1-3个内生；叶鞘黄褐色至暗灰褐色。球果常3-5个聚生于小枝基部，圆锥状卵圆形，长5-8厘米或更长，成熟前绿色，熟时栗褐色．种鳞迟张开，常宿存树上达数年之久；种鳞的鳞盾强隆起，横脊显著，鳞脐隆起有长尖刺；种子倒卵圆形，长约4毫米，种翅长约1.3厘米。花期4-5月，球果第二年秋季成熟。
分布（Distribution）：原产美国东部。我国旅顺、大连、熊岳、兴隆、青岛、富阳、南京等地引种栽培作庭园树。在东北地区生长较慢，在南京、富阳等地生长较快。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 4 Page 19
Pinus rigida Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. Pinus no. 10. 1768.
刚松 gang song | Pinaceae | Pinus
Trees to 30 m tall; trunk straight or crooked, to 0.9 m d.b.h. in native range, usually with adventitious sprouts; bark red-brown, with deeply and irregularly oblong, flat, scaly ridges; crown rounded or irregular; 2nd-year branchlets orange-brown, aging darker brown, stout, mostly more than 5 mm wide, rough; winter buds red-brown, ovoid or ovoid-cylindric, resinous, scales fringed at margin. Needles 3(-5) per bundle, deep or pale yellow-green, twisted, 5-10(-15) cm × 1-1.5(-2) mm, stomatal lines present on all surfaces, base with persistent sheath 0.9-1.2 cm. Seed cones often clustered, sessile or shortly pedunculate, dull brown or pale red-brown, conical or ovoid before opening, broadly ovoid with flat or slightly convex base when open, 3-9 cm, maturing in 2 years, dehiscent. Seed scales with dark red-brown border adaxially distally; apophyses rhombic, slightly raised, strongly cross keeled; umbo low pyramidal, with a slender, reflexed prickle. Seeds dark brown, mottled darker or nearly black, broadly obliquely obovoid-deltoid, 4-6 mm; wing 1.5-2 cm.
Cultivated. Fujian, Jiangsu (Nanjing Shi), Jiangxi (Lu Shan), Liaoning, Shandong (Qingdao Shi) [native to SE Canada, E United States]
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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