臭椿Ailanthus altissima

中文名Chinese Name):臭椿
学名Scientific Name):Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
英文名English Common Name):tree of heaven
别名Chinese Common Name):
异名Synonym):Albonia peregrina Buc'hoz  Pongelion glandulosum Pierre  Toxicodendron altissimum Mill.  Rhus cacodendron Ehrh.  Ailanthus glandulosa Desf.  Pongelion cacodendron (Ehrh.) Farw.  Ailanthus altissima f. erythrocarpa (Carrière) Rehder  Ailanthus altissima f. rubra (Dippel) Geerinck  Ailanthus altissima var. erythrocarpa (Carrière) Rehder  Ailanthus altissima var. leucoxyla B.C.Ding & T.B.Chao  Ailanthus altissima var. microphylla B.C.Ding & T.B.Chao  Ailanthus altissima var. ramosissima B.C.Ding & T.B.Chao  Ailanthus erythrocarpa Carrière  Ailanthus glandulosa f. erythocarpa (Carrière) C.K.Schneid.  Ailanthus glandulosa f. rubra Dippel  Ailanthus glandulosa var. erythocarpa (Carrière) Mouill.  Ailanthus peregrina (Buc'hoz) F.A.Barkley  Ailanthus pongelion J.F.Gmel.  Ailanthus procera Salisb.  Ailanthus rhodoptera F.Muell.  Ailanthus sinensis Dum.Cours.  Ailanthus sutchuensis Dode  Ailanthus vilmoriniana var. henanensis J.Y.Chen & L.Y.Jin  Choerospondias auriculata D.Chandra
科属(Family & Genus):苦木科(Simaroubaceae)臭椿属
形态特征Description):落叶乔木,高可达20余米,树皮平滑而有直纹;嫩枝有髓,幼时被黄色或黄褐色柔毛,后脱落。叶为奇数羽状复叶,长40-60厘米,叶柄长7-13厘米,有小叶13-27;小叶对生或近对生,纸质,卵状披针形,长7-13厘米,宽2.5-4厘米,先端长渐尖,基部偏斜,截形或稍圆,两侧各具1或2个粗锯齿,齿背有腺体1个,叶面深绿色,背面灰绿色,柔碎后具臭味。圆锥花序长10-30厘米;花淡绿色,花梗长1-2.5毫米;萼片5,覆瓦状排列,裂片长0.5-1毫米;花瓣5,长2-2.5毫米,基部两侧被硬粗毛;雄蕊10,花丝基部密被硬粗毛,雄花中的花丝长于花瓣,雌花中的花丝短于花瓣;花药长圆形,长约1毫米;心皮5,花柱粘合,柱头5裂。翅果长椭圆形,长3-4.5厘米,宽1-1.2厘米;种子位于翅的中间,扁圆形。花期4-5月,果期8-10月。
分布Distribution):我国除黑龙江、吉林、新疆、青海、宁夏、甘肃和海南外,各地均有分布。世界各地广为栽培。
用途Use):本种在石灰岩地区生长良好,可作石灰岩地区的造林树种,也可作园林风景树和行道树。木材黄白色,可制作农具车辆等。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 100, 101
Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6: 495. 1916.
臭椿 chou chun | Simaroubaceae  | Ailanthus
Trees, deciduous, up to 20 m tall; bark smooth and straightly grained. Branches with pith, yellow or yellow-brown pubescent when young, then glabrescent. Leaves odd-pinnate, 40-60 cm; petiole 7-13 cm; leaflets 13-27, opposite or nearly so; blades ovate-lanceolate, abaxially dark green, adaxially gray-green, smelly when rubbed. Panicles 10-30 cm. Flowers light green; pedicel 1-2.5 mm. Sepals 5, imbricate, 0.5-1 mm. Petals 5, 2-2.5 mm, base hispid. Stamens 10; filaments densely hispid basally, longer than petals in males, shorter than petals in females; anthers oblong, ca. 1 mm. Carpels 5; styles connate; stigmas 5-lobed. Samarium oblong, 3-4.5 × 1-1.2 cm. Seed in middle of wing, flat-globose. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct.
● Found in many habitats; 100-2500 m. All regions of China except Hainan, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Ningxia, Qinghai [widely cultivated and naturalized elsewhere].
 臭椿Ailanthus altissima

臭椿Ailanthus altissima

臭椿Ailanthus altissima
 
(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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