桄榔Arenga westerhoutii
中文名（Chinese Name）：桄榔
学名（Scientific Name）：Arenga westerhoutii Griff.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：南椰
异名（Synonym）：Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr. Saguerus westerhoutii (Griff.) H. Wendl. et Drude
科属（Family & Genus）：棕榈科（Palmae）桄榔属
形态特征（Description）：乔木状，茎较粗壮，高5米至10余米，直径15-30厘米，有疏离的环状叶痕。叶簇生于茎顶，长5-6米或更长，羽状全裂，羽片呈2列排列，线形或线状披针形，长80-150厘米，宽2.5-6.5厘米或更宽，基部两侧常有不均等的耳垂，顶端呈不整齐的啮蚀状齿或2裂，上面绿色，背面苍白色；叶鞘具黑色强壮的网状纤维和针刺状纤维。花序腋生，从上部往下部抽生几个花序，当最下部的花序的果实成熟时，植株即死亡；花序长90-150厘米，花序梗粗壮，下弯，分枝多，长达1.5米，佛焰苞多个，螺旋状排列于花序梗上；雄花大，长1.5-2厘米，花萼、花瓣各3片，雄蕊多达100枚以上；雌花花萼及花瓣各3片，花后膨大。果实近球形，直径4-5厘米，具三棱，顶端凹陷，灰褐色（未熟果实干后呈黑色）。种子3颗，黑色，卵状三棱形， 悬胚乳均匀，胚背生。花期6月，果实约在开花后2-3年时间成熟。
分布（Distribution）：产海南、广西及云南西部至东南部。中南半岛及东南亚一带亦产。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 23 Page 151, 152
Arenga westerhoutii Griffith, Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 474. 1845.
桄榔 guang lang| Arecaceae | Arenga
Saguerus westerhoutii (Griffith) H. Wendland & Drude.
Stems solitary, to 12 m tall, 40-60 cm in diam. Leaf petioles 1-1.8 m; rachis 3-4 m; pinnae 80-150 per side of rachis, linear, with ears at bases, regularly arranged and spreading in same plane except for basal few pinnae; middle pinnae to 130 cm, to 9.5 cm wide at mid-point. Inflorescences to 3 m; male rachillae 60-70, to 60 cm; male flowers 20-25 mm; sepals 4-6 mm; petals 20-25 mm; stamens 200-300; female rachillae ca. 40, 80-120 cm; female flowers to 10 mm; sepals ca. 5 mm; petals ca. 10 mm. Fruits greenish black, globose, to 7 cm in diam.
Lowland rain forests; below 600(-1400) m. Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular), Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
Arenga westerhoutii is quite common in Yunnan, where it can be easily identified by its large size and regularly arranged leaflets. The leaves are used for thatching, and the palm heart is occasionally eaten.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Arenga westerhoutii Griff.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：南椰
异名（Synonym）：Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr. Saguerus westerhoutii (Griff.) H. Wendl. et Drude
科属（Family & Genus）：棕榈科（Palmae）桄榔属
形态特征（Description）：乔木状，茎较粗壮，高5米至10余米，直径15-30厘米，有疏离的环状叶痕。叶簇生于茎顶，长5-6米或更长，羽状全裂，羽片呈2列排列，线形或线状披针形，长80-150厘米，宽2.5-6.5厘米或更宽，基部两侧常有不均等的耳垂，顶端呈不整齐的啮蚀状齿或2裂，上面绿色，背面苍白色；叶鞘具黑色强壮的网状纤维和针刺状纤维。花序腋生，从上部往下部抽生几个花序，当最下部的花序的果实成熟时，植株即死亡；花序长90-150厘米，花序梗粗壮，下弯，分枝多，长达1.5米，佛焰苞多个，螺旋状排列于花序梗上；雄花大，长1.5-2厘米，花萼、花瓣各3片，雄蕊多达100枚以上；雌花花萼及花瓣各3片，花后膨大。果实近球形，直径4-5厘米，具三棱，顶端凹陷，灰褐色（未熟果实干后呈黑色）。种子3颗，黑色，卵状三棱形， 悬胚乳均匀，胚背生。花期6月，果实约在开花后2-3年时间成熟。
分布（Distribution）：产海南、广西及云南西部至东南部。中南半岛及东南亚一带亦产。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 23 Page 151, 152
Arenga westerhoutii Griffith, Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 474. 1845.
桄榔 guang lang| Arecaceae | Arenga
Saguerus westerhoutii (Griffith) H. Wendland & Drude.
Stems solitary, to 12 m tall, 40-60 cm in diam. Leaf petioles 1-1.8 m; rachis 3-4 m; pinnae 80-150 per side of rachis, linear, with ears at bases, regularly arranged and spreading in same plane except for basal few pinnae; middle pinnae to 130 cm, to 9.5 cm wide at mid-point. Inflorescences to 3 m; male rachillae 60-70, to 60 cm; male flowers 20-25 mm; sepals 4-6 mm; petals 20-25 mm; stamens 200-300; female rachillae ca. 40, 80-120 cm; female flowers to 10 mm; sepals ca. 5 mm; petals ca. 10 mm. Fruits greenish black, globose, to 7 cm in diam.
Lowland rain forests; below 600(-1400) m. Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular), Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
Arenga westerhoutii is quite common in Yunnan, where it can be easily identified by its large size and regularly arranged leaflets. The leaves are used for thatching, and the palm heart is occasionally eaten.
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