苦楝Melia azedarach
中文名（Chinese Name）：苦楝
学名（Scientific Name）：Melia azedarach L.
英文名（English Common Name）：Chinaberrytree
别名（Chinese Common Name）：楝、紫花树
异名（Synonym）：Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc. Melia azedarach var. subtripinnata Miq. Melia japonica var. semperflorens Makino Melia azedarach var. intermedia (Makino) Makino Melia azedarach var. japonica subvar. intermedia Makino Melia azedarach var. toosendan (Sieb. et Zucc.) Makino Melia chinensis Sieber ex Miq. Melia azedarach var. umbraculifera Knox Azedara speciosa Raf. Azedarach commelinii Medik. Azedarach deleteria Medik. Azedarach fraxinifolia Moench Azedarach odoratum Noronha Azedarach sempervirens f. incisodentata Kuntze Azedarach sempervirens f. longifoliola Kuntze Azedarach sempervirens f. subdentata Kuntze Azedarach sempervirens var. glabrior (C.DC.) Kuntze Azedarach sempervirens Kuntze Melia bukayun Royle Melia cochinchinensis M.Roem. Melia commelini Medik. ex Steud. Melia florida Salisb. Melia guineensis G.Don Melia orientalis M.Roem. Melia sambucina Blume Melia sempervirens Sw. Melia azedarach var. japonica
科属（Family & Genus）：楝科（Meliaceae）楝属
形态特征（Description）：落叶乔木，高达10余米；树皮灰褐色，纵裂。分枝广展，小枝有叶痕。叶为2-3回奇数羽状复叶，长20-40厘米；小叶对生，卵形、椭圆形至披针形，顶生一片通常略大，长3-7厘米，宽2-3厘米，先端短渐尖，基部楔形或宽楔形，多少偏斜，边缘有钝锯齿，幼时被星状毛，后两面均无毛，侧脉每边12-16条，广展，向上斜举。圆锥花序约与叶等长，无毛或幼时被鳞片状短柔毛；花芳香；花萼5深裂，裂片卵形或长圆状卵形，先端急尖，外面被微柔毛；花瓣淡紫色，倒卵状匙形，长约1厘米，两面均被微柔毛，通常外面较密；雄蕊管紫色，无毛或近无毛，长7-8毫米，有纵细脉，管口有钻形、2-3齿裂的狭裂片10枚，花药10枚，着生于裂片内侧，且与裂片互生，长椭圆形，顶端微凸尖；子房近球形，5-6室，无毛，每室有胚珠2颗，花柱细长，柱头头状，顶端具5齿，不伸出雄蕊管。核果球形至椭圆形，长1-2厘米，宽8-15毫米，内果皮木质，4-5室，每室有种子1颗；种子椭圆形。花期4-5月，果期10-12月。
分布（Distribution）：产我国黄河以南各省区，生于低海拔旷野、路旁或疏林中。广布于亚洲热带和亚热带地区。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 11 Page 130
Melia azedarach Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 384. 1753.
楝 lian | Meliaceae | Melia
Melia azedarach subvar. intermedia Makino; M. azedarach var. intermedia (Makino) Makino; M. azedarach var. subtripinnata Miquel; M. azedarach var. toosendan (Siebold & Zuccarini) Makino; M. japonica G. Don var. semperflorens Makino; M. toosendan Siebold & Zuccarini.
Trees to 10 m tall, deciduous. Bark brownish gray, longitudinally exfoliating. Branches spreading; branchlets with leaf scars. Leaves odd-pinnate, 2-pinnate or 3-pinnate, 20-40 cm; leaflets opposite; leaflet blades ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, 3-7 × 2-3 cm but terminal one usually slightly larger, both surfaces with stellate trichomes when young but glabrescent, secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, outspread and ascending, base ± oblique and cuneate to broadly cuneate, margin crenate or sometimes entire, apex shortly acuminate. Thyrses ± ca. 1/2 as long as leaves, glabrous or covered with short lepidote pubescence. Flowers fragrant. Calyx 5-parted; sepals ovate to oblong-ovate, outside puberulent, apex acute. Petals lilac-colored, obovate-spatulate, 0.9-1.3 cm, both surfaces puberulent but usually outside more densely so. Staminal tube purple, 7-8 mm, with longitudinal stripes, glabrous or subglabrous, apical margin with 10 narrow lobes; lobes conic, further 2- or 3-lobed; anthers 10, inserted on inner side of lobes and alternate to lobes, narrowly elliptic, apex slightly mucronulate. Ovary spherical, glabrous, 5-8-locular, with 2 ovules per locule; style acerose; stigma capitate, not included within filament tube, apex 5-dentate. Drupe globose to ellipsoid, 1-3 × 0.8-1.5 cm; endocarp ligneous. Seed ellipsoid. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Oct-Dec.
Mixed evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous forests, sparse forests, field margins, roadsides; 500-2100 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Shandong, S Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, SE Xizang, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; tropical Australia, Pacific islands (Solomon Islands)].
This species is cultivated and sometimes naturalized in many warm-temperate and tropical parts of the world. Because of its extensive cultivation and tendency to become naturalized in disturbed habitats, its original wild distribution is uncertain.
It is used medicinally, for industrial oil material, and for timber.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Melia azedarach L.
英文名（English Common Name）：Chinaberrytree
别名（Chinese Common Name）：楝、紫花树
异名（Synonym）：Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc. Melia azedarach var. subtripinnata Miq. Melia japonica var. semperflorens Makino Melia azedarach var. intermedia (Makino) Makino Melia azedarach var. japonica subvar. intermedia Makino Melia azedarach var. toosendan (Sieb. et Zucc.) Makino Melia chinensis Sieber ex Miq. Melia azedarach var. umbraculifera Knox Azedara speciosa Raf. Azedarach commelinii Medik. Azedarach deleteria Medik. Azedarach fraxinifolia Moench Azedarach odoratum Noronha Azedarach sempervirens f. incisodentata Kuntze Azedarach sempervirens f. longifoliola Kuntze Azedarach sempervirens f. subdentata Kuntze Azedarach sempervirens var. glabrior (C.DC.) Kuntze Azedarach sempervirens Kuntze Melia bukayun Royle Melia cochinchinensis M.Roem. Melia commelini Medik. ex Steud. Melia florida Salisb. Melia guineensis G.Don Melia orientalis M.Roem. Melia sambucina Blume Melia sempervirens Sw. Melia azedarach var. japonica
科属（Family & Genus）：楝科（Meliaceae）楝属
形态特征（Description）：落叶乔木，高达10余米；树皮灰褐色，纵裂。分枝广展，小枝有叶痕。叶为2-3回奇数羽状复叶，长20-40厘米；小叶对生，卵形、椭圆形至披针形，顶生一片通常略大，长3-7厘米，宽2-3厘米，先端短渐尖，基部楔形或宽楔形，多少偏斜，边缘有钝锯齿，幼时被星状毛，后两面均无毛，侧脉每边12-16条，广展，向上斜举。圆锥花序约与叶等长，无毛或幼时被鳞片状短柔毛；花芳香；花萼5深裂，裂片卵形或长圆状卵形，先端急尖，外面被微柔毛；花瓣淡紫色，倒卵状匙形，长约1厘米，两面均被微柔毛，通常外面较密；雄蕊管紫色，无毛或近无毛，长7-8毫米，有纵细脉，管口有钻形、2-3齿裂的狭裂片10枚，花药10枚，着生于裂片内侧，且与裂片互生，长椭圆形，顶端微凸尖；子房近球形，5-6室，无毛，每室有胚珠2颗，花柱细长，柱头头状，顶端具5齿，不伸出雄蕊管。核果球形至椭圆形，长1-2厘米，宽8-15毫米，内果皮木质，4-5室，每室有种子1颗；种子椭圆形。花期4-5月，果期10-12月。
分布（Distribution）：产我国黄河以南各省区，生于低海拔旷野、路旁或疏林中。广布于亚洲热带和亚热带地区。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 11 Page 130
Melia azedarach Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 384. 1753.
楝 lian | Meliaceae | Melia
Melia azedarach subvar. intermedia Makino; M. azedarach var. intermedia (Makino) Makino; M. azedarach var. subtripinnata Miquel; M. azedarach var. toosendan (Siebold & Zuccarini) Makino; M. japonica G. Don var. semperflorens Makino; M. toosendan Siebold & Zuccarini.
Trees to 10 m tall, deciduous. Bark brownish gray, longitudinally exfoliating. Branches spreading; branchlets with leaf scars. Leaves odd-pinnate, 2-pinnate or 3-pinnate, 20-40 cm; leaflets opposite; leaflet blades ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, 3-7 × 2-3 cm but terminal one usually slightly larger, both surfaces with stellate trichomes when young but glabrescent, secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, outspread and ascending, base ± oblique and cuneate to broadly cuneate, margin crenate or sometimes entire, apex shortly acuminate. Thyrses ± ca. 1/2 as long as leaves, glabrous or covered with short lepidote pubescence. Flowers fragrant. Calyx 5-parted; sepals ovate to oblong-ovate, outside puberulent, apex acute. Petals lilac-colored, obovate-spatulate, 0.9-1.3 cm, both surfaces puberulent but usually outside more densely so. Staminal tube purple, 7-8 mm, with longitudinal stripes, glabrous or subglabrous, apical margin with 10 narrow lobes; lobes conic, further 2- or 3-lobed; anthers 10, inserted on inner side of lobes and alternate to lobes, narrowly elliptic, apex slightly mucronulate. Ovary spherical, glabrous, 5-8-locular, with 2 ovules per locule; style acerose; stigma capitate, not included within filament tube, apex 5-dentate. Drupe globose to ellipsoid, 1-3 × 0.8-1.5 cm; endocarp ligneous. Seed ellipsoid. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Oct-Dec.
Mixed evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous forests, sparse forests, field margins, roadsides; 500-2100 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Shandong, S Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, SE Xizang, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; tropical Australia, Pacific islands (Solomon Islands)].
This species is cultivated and sometimes naturalized in many warm-temperate and tropical parts of the world. Because of its extensive cultivation and tendency to become naturalized in disturbed habitats, its original wild distribution is uncertain.
It is used medicinally, for industrial oil material, and for timber.
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