苦梓含笑Michelia balansae
中文名（Chinese Name）：苦梓含笑
学名（Scientific Name）：Michelia balansae (A. DC.) Dandy
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：苦梓、八角苦梓
异名（Synonym）：Michelia balansae var. appressipubescens Law Magnolia balansae Aug. DC. Michelia balansae var. brevipes B. L. Chen Michelia baviensis Finet et Gagnep. Michelia tonkinensis A. Chev.
科属（Family & Genus）：木兰科（Magnoliaceae）含笑属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高达7-10米，胸径达60厘米；树皮平滑，灰色或灰褐色；芽、嫩枝、叶柄、叶背、花蕾及花梗均密被褐色绒毛。叶厚革质，长圆状椭圆形，或倒卵状椭圆形，长10-20 (28)厘米，宽5-10 (12)厘米，先端急短尖，基部阔楔形，上面近无毛，下面叶脉明显凸起，具褐色绒毛；侧脉每边12-15条，末端向上弯拱环结；叶柄长1.5-4厘米，无托叶痕，基部膨大。花芳香，花被片白色带淡绿色，6片，倒卵状椭圆形，长35-37毫米，宽13-15毫米，最内1片较狭小，倒披针形；雄蕊长10-15毫米，花药长8-10毫米，药隔伸出成短尖头；雌蕊群卵圆形；雌蕊群柄长4-6毫米，被黄褐色绒毛。聚合果长7-12厘米，柄长4.5-7厘米；蓇葖椭圆状卵圆形，倒卵圆形或圆柱形，长2-6厘米，宽1.2-1.5厘米，顶端具向外弯的喙，喙长3-5毫米；种子近椭圆体形，长1-1.5厘米，一端或两端平，外种皮鲜红色，内种皮褐色。花期4-7月，果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产广东、海南、广西、云南，生海拔350-1000米的山坡、溪旁、山谷密林中。越南也有。
用途（Use）：散孔材，心材褐黄色，边材淡黄棕色，纹理直，结构细而均匀，材质稍重，花纹美观，加工容易，不开裂，少变形，耐腐，宜作上等家具、文具、细木工、胶合板及建筑、造船等用；在海南列为珍贵家具、建筑用材。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 51, 78, 89
Michelia balansae (Aug. Candolle) Dandy, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1927: 263. 1927.
苦梓含笑 ku zi han xiao | Magnoliaceae | Michelia
Magnolia balansae Aug. Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 4: 294. 1904; Michelia balansae var. appressipubescens Y. W. Law; M. balansae var. brevipes B. L. Chen; M. baviensis Finet & Gagnepain; M. tonkinensis A. Chevalier.
Trees, 7-10 m tall, to 60 cm d.b.h. Bark gray to grayish brown, smooth. Young twigs, buds, petioles, leaf blade abaxial surfaces, flower buds, and brachyblasts densely brown tomentose or with appressed fine trichomes. Petiole 1.5-4 cm, without a stipular scar, base flattened; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 10-20(-28) × 5-10(-12) cm, abaxially veins evidently prominent and brown tomentose, adaxially subglabrous, secondary veins 12-15 on each side of midvein with ends arching upward and becoming reticulate, base broadly cuneate, apex abruptly acute. Flowers fragrant. Tepals 6, white and pale greenish, obovate-elliptic, 3.5-3.7 × 1.3-1.5 cm; innermost tepals oblanceolate, smaller. Stamens 1-1.5 cm; connective exserted and forming a mucro; anthers 8-10 mm. Gynophore 4-6 mm, yellowish brown tomentose; gynoecium ovoid. Fruiting gynophore 4.5-7 cm. Fruit 7-12 cm; mature carpels ellipsoid-ovoid, obovoid, or cylindric, 2-6 × 1.2-1.5 cm, apex with a reflexed 3-5 mm beak. Seeds nearly ellipsoid, 1-1.5 cm, one end or both ends truncate; testa bright red; endotesta brown. Fl. Mar-Jul, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 38.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests, along rivers; 300-1000 m. S Fujian, S and SW Guangdong, S Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Yunnan [Vietnam].
Magnolia balansae and Michelia baviensis were published based on the same gathering (Balansa 3886, but Finet and Gagnepain wrongly cited the number as "3386") from Mt. Bavi, Vietnam.
"Michelia bailina Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou" (in Y. H. Liu, Magnolias China, 218. 2004) belongs here but was not validly published because no Latin description or diagnosis was provided and no type was indicated (Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).
This species is used for timber.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Michelia balansae (A. DC.) Dandy
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：苦梓、八角苦梓
异名（Synonym）：Michelia balansae var. appressipubescens Law Magnolia balansae Aug. DC. Michelia balansae var. brevipes B. L. Chen Michelia baviensis Finet et Gagnep. Michelia tonkinensis A. Chev.
科属（Family & Genus）：木兰科（Magnoliaceae）含笑属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高达7-10米，胸径达60厘米；树皮平滑，灰色或灰褐色；芽、嫩枝、叶柄、叶背、花蕾及花梗均密被褐色绒毛。叶厚革质，长圆状椭圆形，或倒卵状椭圆形，长10-20 (28)厘米，宽5-10 (12)厘米，先端急短尖，基部阔楔形，上面近无毛，下面叶脉明显凸起，具褐色绒毛；侧脉每边12-15条，末端向上弯拱环结；叶柄长1.5-4厘米，无托叶痕，基部膨大。花芳香，花被片白色带淡绿色，6片，倒卵状椭圆形，长35-37毫米，宽13-15毫米，最内1片较狭小，倒披针形；雄蕊长10-15毫米，花药长8-10毫米，药隔伸出成短尖头；雌蕊群卵圆形；雌蕊群柄长4-6毫米，被黄褐色绒毛。聚合果长7-12厘米，柄长4.5-7厘米；蓇葖椭圆状卵圆形，倒卵圆形或圆柱形，长2-6厘米，宽1.2-1.5厘米，顶端具向外弯的喙，喙长3-5毫米；种子近椭圆体形，长1-1.5厘米，一端或两端平，外种皮鲜红色，内种皮褐色。花期4-7月，果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产广东、海南、广西、云南，生海拔350-1000米的山坡、溪旁、山谷密林中。越南也有。
用途（Use）：散孔材，心材褐黄色，边材淡黄棕色，纹理直，结构细而均匀，材质稍重，花纹美观，加工容易，不开裂，少变形，耐腐，宜作上等家具、文具、细木工、胶合板及建筑、造船等用；在海南列为珍贵家具、建筑用材。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 51, 78, 89
Michelia balansae (Aug. Candolle) Dandy, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1927: 263. 1927.
苦梓含笑 ku zi han xiao | Magnoliaceae | Michelia
Magnolia balansae Aug. Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 4: 294. 1904; Michelia balansae var. appressipubescens Y. W. Law; M. balansae var. brevipes B. L. Chen; M. baviensis Finet & Gagnepain; M. tonkinensis A. Chevalier.
Trees, 7-10 m tall, to 60 cm d.b.h. Bark gray to grayish brown, smooth. Young twigs, buds, petioles, leaf blade abaxial surfaces, flower buds, and brachyblasts densely brown tomentose or with appressed fine trichomes. Petiole 1.5-4 cm, without a stipular scar, base flattened; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 10-20(-28) × 5-10(-12) cm, abaxially veins evidently prominent and brown tomentose, adaxially subglabrous, secondary veins 12-15 on each side of midvein with ends arching upward and becoming reticulate, base broadly cuneate, apex abruptly acute. Flowers fragrant. Tepals 6, white and pale greenish, obovate-elliptic, 3.5-3.7 × 1.3-1.5 cm; innermost tepals oblanceolate, smaller. Stamens 1-1.5 cm; connective exserted and forming a mucro; anthers 8-10 mm. Gynophore 4-6 mm, yellowish brown tomentose; gynoecium ovoid. Fruiting gynophore 4.5-7 cm. Fruit 7-12 cm; mature carpels ellipsoid-ovoid, obovoid, or cylindric, 2-6 × 1.2-1.5 cm, apex with a reflexed 3-5 mm beak. Seeds nearly ellipsoid, 1-1.5 cm, one end or both ends truncate; testa bright red; endotesta brown. Fl. Mar-Jul, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 38.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests, along rivers; 300-1000 m. S Fujian, S and SW Guangdong, S Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Yunnan [Vietnam].
Magnolia balansae and Michelia baviensis were published based on the same gathering (Balansa 3886, but Finet and Gagnepain wrongly cited the number as "3386") from Mt. Bavi, Vietnam.
"Michelia bailina Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou" (in Y. H. Liu, Magnolias China, 218. 2004) belongs here but was not validly published because no Latin description or diagnosis was provided and no type was indicated (Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).
This species is used for timber.
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