荷花玉兰Magnolia grandiflora
中文名（Chinese Name）：荷花玉兰
学名（Scientific Name）：Magnolia grandiflora L.
英文名（English Common Name）：southern magnolia
别名（Chinese Common Name）：洋玉兰、广玉兰
异名（Synonym）：Magnolia hartwegii G.Nicholson Magnolia hartwicus G.Nicholson Magnolia gloriosa Millais Magnolia foetida (L.) Sarg. Magnolia microphylla Ser. Magnolia rotundifolia Millais Magnolia tardiflora Ser. Magnolia obtusifolia Magnolia stricta G.Nicholson Magnolia pravertiana Millais Magnolia praecox Millais Magnolia longifolia Sweet Magnolia maxima Lodd. ex G.Don Magnolia lacunosa Raf. Magnolia lanceolata (Aiton) Link Magnolia galissoniensis Millais Magnolia glabra P.Parm. Magnolia angustifolia Millais Magnolia elliptica (W.T.Aiton) Link Magnolia exoniensis Millais Magnolia grandiflora var. elliptica W.T.Aiton Magnolia grandiflora var. exoniensis Loudon Magnolia grandiflora f. galissoniensis K.Koch Magnolia grandiflora var. lanceolata Aiton Magnolia grandiflora f. lanceolata (Aiton) Rehder Magnolia grandiflora var. obovata W.T.Aiton Magnolia foetida f. margaretta Ashe Magnolia foetida f. parvifolia Ashe Magnolia virginiana var. grisea L. Magnolia virginiana var. foetida L. Magnolia grandiflora var. ferruginea Sims Magnolia grandiflora var. rotundifolia Sweet ex Loudon Magnolia grandiflora var. angustifolia Loudon Magnolia grandiflora var. praecox Loudon Magnolia umbrella var. maxima (Lodd. ex G.Don) P.Parm.
科属（Family & Genus）：木兰科（Magnoliaceae）木兰属
形态特征（Description）：常绿乔木，在原产地高达30米；树皮淡褐色或灰色，薄鳞片状开裂；小枝粗壮，具横隔的髓心；小枝、芽、叶下面，叶柄、均密被褐色或灰褐色短绒毛（幼树的叶下面无毛）。叶厚革质，椭圆形，长圆状椭圆形或倒卵状椭圆形，长10-20厘米，宽4-7（10）厘米，先端钝或短钝尖，基部楔形，叶面深绿色，有光泽；侧脉每边8-10条；叶柄长1.5-4厘米，无托叶痕，具深沟。花白色，有芳香，直径15-20厘米；花被片9-12，厚肉质，倒卵形，长6-10厘米，宽5-7厘米；雄蕊长约2厘米，花丝扁平，紫色，花药内向，药隔伸出成短尖；雌蕊群椭圆体形，密被长绒毛；心皮卵形，长1-1.5厘米，花柱呈卷曲状。聚合果圆柱状长圆形或卵圆形，长7-10厘米，径4-5厘米，密被褐色或淡灰黄色绒毛；蓇葖背裂，背面圆，顶端外侧具长喙；种子近卵圆形或卵形，长约14毫米，径约6毫米，外种皮红色，除去外种皮的种子，顶端延长成短颈。花期5-6月，果期9-10月。
分布（Distribution）：原产北美洲东南部，我国长江流域以南各城市有栽培。
用途（Use）：花大，白色，状如荷花，芳香，为美丽的庭园绿化观赏树种。叶入药治高血压。种子榨油，含油率42.5％。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 49, 62
Magnolia grandiflora Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1802. 1759.
荷花木兰 he hua mu lan| Magnoliaceae | Magnolia
Trees, to 30 m tall but usually shorter when cultivated. Bark pale brown to gray, thinly scaly fissured. Twigs, vegetative buds, petioles, and leaf blade abaxial surfaces densely brown to grayish brown shortly tomentose but abaxial surface of young leaf blades glabrous. Twigs thick and strong. Petiole 1.5-4 cm, deeply furrowed, without a stipular scar; leaf blade elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or obovate-oblong, 10-20 × 4-7(-10) cm, thickly leathery, adaxially deep green and glossy, secondary veins 8-10 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, apex obtuse to shortly mucronate. Flowers 15-20 cm in diam., fragrant. Tepals 9-12, white, obovate, 6-10 × 5-7 cm, thickly fleshy. Stamens ca. 2 cm; filaments purple, flat; connective exserted and forming a mucro; anthers introrse. Gynoecium ellipsoid, densely long tomentose; carpels ovoid, 1-1.5 cm; styles reclinate. Fruit terete to ovoid, 7-10 × 4-5 cm, densely brown to pale grayish yellow tomentose; mature carpels abaxially rounded, dehiscing along dorsal sutures, apex long beaked. Seeds ovoid, ca. 1.4 × 0.6 cm; testa red. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct. 2n = 114.
Cultivated in provinces south of Chang Jiang [native to SE North America].
This species is widely cultivated as an ornamental and for timber.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Magnolia grandiflora L.
英文名（English Common Name）：southern magnolia
别名（Chinese Common Name）：洋玉兰、广玉兰
异名（Synonym）：Magnolia hartwegii G.Nicholson Magnolia hartwicus G.Nicholson Magnolia gloriosa Millais Magnolia foetida (L.) Sarg. Magnolia microphylla Ser. Magnolia rotundifolia Millais Magnolia tardiflora Ser. Magnolia obtusifolia Magnolia stricta G.Nicholson Magnolia pravertiana Millais Magnolia praecox Millais Magnolia longifolia Sweet Magnolia maxima Lodd. ex G.Don Magnolia lacunosa Raf. Magnolia lanceolata (Aiton) Link Magnolia galissoniensis Millais Magnolia glabra P.Parm. Magnolia angustifolia Millais Magnolia elliptica (W.T.Aiton) Link Magnolia exoniensis Millais Magnolia grandiflora var. elliptica W.T.Aiton Magnolia grandiflora var. exoniensis Loudon Magnolia grandiflora f. galissoniensis K.Koch Magnolia grandiflora var. lanceolata Aiton Magnolia grandiflora f. lanceolata (Aiton) Rehder Magnolia grandiflora var. obovata W.T.Aiton Magnolia foetida f. margaretta Ashe Magnolia foetida f. parvifolia Ashe Magnolia virginiana var. grisea L. Magnolia virginiana var. foetida L. Magnolia grandiflora var. ferruginea Sims Magnolia grandiflora var. rotundifolia Sweet ex Loudon Magnolia grandiflora var. angustifolia Loudon Magnolia grandiflora var. praecox Loudon Magnolia umbrella var. maxima (Lodd. ex G.Don) P.Parm.
科属（Family & Genus）：木兰科（Magnoliaceae）木兰属
形态特征（Description）：常绿乔木，在原产地高达30米；树皮淡褐色或灰色，薄鳞片状开裂；小枝粗壮，具横隔的髓心；小枝、芽、叶下面，叶柄、均密被褐色或灰褐色短绒毛（幼树的叶下面无毛）。叶厚革质，椭圆形，长圆状椭圆形或倒卵状椭圆形，长10-20厘米，宽4-7（10）厘米，先端钝或短钝尖，基部楔形，叶面深绿色，有光泽；侧脉每边8-10条；叶柄长1.5-4厘米，无托叶痕，具深沟。花白色，有芳香，直径15-20厘米；花被片9-12，厚肉质，倒卵形，长6-10厘米，宽5-7厘米；雄蕊长约2厘米，花丝扁平，紫色，花药内向，药隔伸出成短尖；雌蕊群椭圆体形，密被长绒毛；心皮卵形，长1-1.5厘米，花柱呈卷曲状。聚合果圆柱状长圆形或卵圆形，长7-10厘米，径4-5厘米，密被褐色或淡灰黄色绒毛；蓇葖背裂，背面圆，顶端外侧具长喙；种子近卵圆形或卵形，长约14毫米，径约6毫米，外种皮红色，除去外种皮的种子，顶端延长成短颈。花期5-6月，果期9-10月。
分布（Distribution）：原产北美洲东南部，我国长江流域以南各城市有栽培。
用途（Use）：花大，白色，状如荷花，芳香，为美丽的庭园绿化观赏树种。叶入药治高血压。种子榨油，含油率42.5％。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 49, 62
Magnolia grandiflora Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1802. 1759.
荷花木兰 he hua mu lan| Magnoliaceae | Magnolia
Trees, to 30 m tall but usually shorter when cultivated. Bark pale brown to gray, thinly scaly fissured. Twigs, vegetative buds, petioles, and leaf blade abaxial surfaces densely brown to grayish brown shortly tomentose but abaxial surface of young leaf blades glabrous. Twigs thick and strong. Petiole 1.5-4 cm, deeply furrowed, without a stipular scar; leaf blade elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or obovate-oblong, 10-20 × 4-7(-10) cm, thickly leathery, adaxially deep green and glossy, secondary veins 8-10 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, apex obtuse to shortly mucronate. Flowers 15-20 cm in diam., fragrant. Tepals 9-12, white, obovate, 6-10 × 5-7 cm, thickly fleshy. Stamens ca. 2 cm; filaments purple, flat; connective exserted and forming a mucro; anthers introrse. Gynoecium ellipsoid, densely long tomentose; carpels ovoid, 1-1.5 cm; styles reclinate. Fruit terete to ovoid, 7-10 × 4-5 cm, densely brown to pale grayish yellow tomentose; mature carpels abaxially rounded, dehiscing along dorsal sutures, apex long beaked. Seeds ovoid, ca. 1.4 × 0.6 cm; testa red. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct. 2n = 114.
Cultivated in provinces south of Chang Jiang [native to SE North America].
This species is widely cultivated as an ornamental and for timber.
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