披针叶茴香Illicium lanceolatum

中文名(Chinese Name):披针叶茴香
学名(Scientific Name):Illicium lanceolatum A. C. Smith
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):莽草、红毒茴
异名(Synonym):
科属(Family & Genus):木兰科(Magnoliaceae)八角属
形态特征(Description):灌木或小乔木,高3-10米;枝条纤细,树皮浅灰色至灰褐色。叶互生或稀疏地簇生于小枝近顶端或排成假轮生,革质,披针形、倒披针形或倒卵状椭圆形,长5-15厘米,宽1.5-4.5厘米,先端尾尖或渐尖、基部窄楔形;中脉在叶面微凹陷,叶下面稍隆起,网脉不明显;叶柄纤细,长7-15毫米。花腋生或近顶生,单生或2-3朵,红色、深红色;花梗纤细,直径0.8-2毫米,长15-50毫米;花被片10-15,肉质,最大的花被片椭圆形或长圆状倒卵形,长8-12.5毫米,宽6-8毫米;雄蕊6-11枚,长2.8-3.9毫米,花丝长1.5-2.5毫米,花药分离,长1-1.5毫米,药隔不明显截形或稍微缺,药室突起;心皮10-14枚,长3.9-5.3毫米,子房长1.5-2毫米,花柱钻形,纤细,长2-3.3毫米,骤然变狭。果梗长可达6厘米(少有达8厘米),纤细、蓇葖10-14枚(少有9)轮状排列,直径3.4-4厘米,单个蓇葖长14-21毫米,宽5-9毫米,厚3-5毫米,顶端有-长3-7毫米,向后弯曲的钩状尖头;种子长7-8毫米,宽5毫米,厚2-3.5毫米。花期4-6月,果期8-10月。
分布(Distribution):产江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、湖北、湖南、贵州,生于海拔300-1 500米混交林、疏林、灌丛中。
用途(Use):果和叶有强烈香气,可提芳香油,为高级香料的原料。据浙江分析:叶含芳香油0.66% 。根和根皮有毒,入药祛风除湿、散瘀止痛,治跌打损伤,风湿性关节炎,取鲜根皮加酒捣烂敷患处。历代本草认为莽草主治风症,种子有毒、浸出液可杀虫,作土农药。本种果实也有毒,不可作八角茴香使用。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 7 Page 33, 37
Illicium lanceolatum A. C. Smith, Sargentia. 7: 43. 1947.
红毒茴 hong du hui| Illiciaceae  | Illicium
Shrubs or trees, to 10 m tall. Perules small, inconspicuous. Leaves in clusters at distal nodes; petiole 0.7-1.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate-elliptic, 5-15 × 1.5-4.5 cm, leathery, midvein adaxially slightly impressed, secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein and inconspicuous, base narrowly cuneate, apex caudate to acuminate. Flowers axillary or subterminal. Flower peduncle 1.5-5 cm. Tepals 10-15, red to dark red, elliptic to oblong-obovate (largest), 8-13 × 6-8 mm (largest), fleshy. Stamens 6-11, 2.8-3.9 mm; filaments 1.5-2.5 mm; connectives apically inconspicuously truncate to slightly emarginate; anthers 1-1.5 mm; pollen grains trisyncolpate. Carpels 10-14, 3.9-5.3 mm; ovary 1.5-2 mm; style 2-3.3 mm. Fruit peduncle 6-8 cm. Fruit with (9 or)10-14 follicles; follicles 14-21 × 5-9 × 3-5 mm. Seeds 7-8 × ca. 5 × 2-3.5 mm. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Aug-Oct.
● Mixed forests, thickets; 300-1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
Essential oil is extracted from the fruit and leaves, which are strongly aromatic. The roots and root bark are toxic, but they are used medicinally.
披针叶茴香Illicium lanceolatum

披针叶茴香Illicium lanceolatum

披针叶茴香Illicium lanceolatum

披针叶茴香Illicium lanceolatum(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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