山苍子Litsea cubeba

中文名(Chinese Name):山苍子
学名(Scientific Name):Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.
英文名(English Common Name):litsea
别名(Chinese Common Name):山苍树、木姜子
异名(Synonym):Litsea cubeba f. obtusifolia Yang et P. H. Huang  Benzoin cubeba (Lour.) Hatus.  Litsea mollifolia var. glabrata Diels  Laurus cubeba Lour.  Litsea dielsii (H. Leveille) H. Leveille  Lindera dielsii H. Leveille  Litsea mollis var. glabrata Diels.
科属(Family & Genus):樟科(Lauraceae)木姜子属
形态特征(Description):落叶灌木或小乔木,高达8-10米;幼树树皮黄绿色,光滑,老树树皮灰褐色。小枝细长,绿色,无毛,枝、叶具芳香味。顶芽圆锥形,外面具柔毛。叶互生,披针形或长圆形,长4-11厘米,宽1.1-2.4厘米,先端渐尖,基部楔形,纸质,上面深绿色,下面粉绿色,两面均无毛,羽状脉,侧脉每边6-10条,纤细,中脉、侧脉在两面均突起;叶柄长6-20毫米,纤细,无毛。伞形花序单生或簇生,总梗细长,长6-10毫米;苞片边缘有睫毛;每一花序有花4-6朵,先叶开放或与叶同时开放,花被裂片6,宽卵形;能育雄蕊9,花丝中下部有毛,第3轮基部的腺体具短柄;退化雌蕊无毛;雌花中退化雄蕊中下部具柔毛;子房卵形,花柱短,柱头头状。果近球形,直径约5毫米,无毛,幼时绿色,成熟时黑色,果梗长2-4毫米,先端稍增粗。花期2-3月,果期7-8月。
分布(Distribution):产广东、广西、福建、台湾、浙江、江苏、安徽、湖南、湖北、江西、贵州、四川、云南、西藏。生于海拔500-3200米向阳的山地、灌丛、疏林或林中路旁、水边。东南亚各国也有。
用途(Use):花、叶和果皮主要提制柠檬醛的原料,供医药制品和配制香精等用。核仁含油率61.8%,油供工业上用。根、茎、叶和果实均可入药,有祛风散寒、消肿止痛之效。果实入药。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 7 Page 118, 122
Litsea cubeba (Loureiro) Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2: 4. 1807.
山鸡椒 shan ji jiao | Lauraceae  | Litsea
Deciduous shrubs or small trees, 8-10 m tall. Branchlets glabrous or sericeous-pubescent. Leaves alternate; petiole 6-20 mm, glabrous; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, 4-11 × 1.1-2.4 cm, glabrous on both surfaces or sericeous-pubescent abaxially, glaucous and sericeous-pubescent when young abaxially, lateral veins 6-16 pairs, base cuneate, apex acuminate or acute. Umbels solitary or clustered, 4-6-flowered, flowering before leaves or with leaves; peduncle 2-10 mm, reflexed or straight, glabrous or sericeous-pubescent. Male flowers: perianth segments 6, broadly ovate; fertile stamens 9; filaments hairy below middle, of 3rd whorls each with 2 shortly stipitate glands at base; rudimentary pistil glabrous. Fruit subglobose, ca. 5 mm in diam., black at maturity; fruiting pedicel 2-4 mm. Fl. Feb-Mar, fr. Jul-Aug.
Sunny slopes, thickets, sparse forests, roadsides, watersides; 300-3200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [S and SE Asia].
山苍子Litsea cubeba

山苍子Litsea cubeba

山苍子Litsea cubeba

山苍子Litsea cubeba(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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