黄樟Cinnamomum parthenoxylon
中文名（Chinese Name）：黄樟
学名（Scientific Name）：Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack.) Meissn
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：大叶樟
异名（Synonym）：Cinnamomum porrectum (Roxb.) Kosterm. Camphora parthenoxylon (Jack) Nees Camphora porrecta (Roxb.) Voigt Cinnamomum barbatoaxillatum N. Chao Laurus porrecta Roxb. Laurus parthenoxylon Jack Cinnamomum purpureum H. G. Ye et F. G. Wang Parthenoxylon porrectum (Roxburgh) Blume Sassafras parthenoxylon (Jack) Nees. Camphora inuncta Nees Camphora pseudosassafras Miq. Camphora chinensis Nees Cinnamomum inunctum (Nees) Meisn. Cinnamomum malaccense Meisn. Cinnamomum neesianum Meisn. Cinnamomum pseudosassafras Meisn. Phoebe latifolia Champ. ex Benth. Persea pseudosassafras Zoll. & Moritzi Sassafras loureiroi Kostel. Tetranthera camphoracea Wall. ex Meisn.
科属（Family & Genus）：樟科（Lauraceae）樟属
形态特征（Description）：常绿乔木，树干通直，高10-20米，胸径达40厘米以上；树皮暗灰褐色，上部为灰黄 色，深纵裂，小片剥落，厚约3-5毫米，内皮带红色，具有樟脑气味。枝条粗壮，圆柱形，绿褐色，小枝具棱角，灰绿色，无毛。芽卵形，鳞片近圆形，被绢状毛。叶互生，通常为椭圆状卵形或长椭圆状卵形，长6-12厘米，宽3-6厘米，在花枝上的稍小，先端通常急尖或短渐尖，基部楔形或阔楔形，革质，上面深绿色，下面色稍浅，两面无毛或仅下面腺窝具毛簇，羽状脉，侧脉每边4-5条，与中脉两面明显，侧脉脉腋上面不明显凸起下面无明显的腺 窝，细脉和小脉网状；叶柄长1.5-3厘米，腹凹背凸，无毛。圆锥花序于枝条上部腋生或 近顶生，长4.5-8厘米，总梗长3-5.5厘米，与各级序轴及花梗无毛。花小，长约3毫 米，绿带黄色；花梗纤细，长达4毫米。花被外面无毛，内面被短柔毛，花被筒倒锥形，长 约1毫米，花被裂片宽长椭圆形，长约2毫米，宽约1.2毫米，具点，先端钝形。能育雄蕊 9，花丝被短柔毛，第一、二轮雄蕊长约1.5毫米，花药卵圆形，与扁平的花丝近相等，第三 轮雄蕊长约1.7毫米，花药长圆形，长0.7毫米，花丝扁平，近基部有一对具短柄的近心形 腺体。退化雄蕊3，位于最内轮，三角状心形，连柄长不及1毫米，柄被短柔毛。子房卵 珠形，长约1毫米，无毛，花柱弯曲，长约1毫米，柱头盘状，不明显三浅裂。果球形，直径6-8毫米，黑色；果托狭长倒锥形，长约1厘米或稍短，基部宽1毫米，红色，有纵长的条纹。花期3-5月，果期4-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产广东、广西、福建、江西、湖南、贵州、四川、云南。生于海拔1500米以下的常绿阔 叶林或灌木丛中，后一生境中多呈矮生灌木型，云南南部有利用野生乔木辟为栽培的樟茶 混交林。巴基斯坦、印度经马来西亚至印度尼西亚也有。
用途（Use）：叶可供饲养天蚕，枝叶、根、树皮、木材可蒸樟油和提制樟脑，木材纹理通直，适于作梁、柱、桁、确、门、窗、天花板及农具等用材。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 102, 168, 174, 175
Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack) Meisner in A. Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 26. 1864.
黄樟 huang zhang | Lauraceae | Cinnamomum
Laurus parthenoxylon Jack, Malayan Misc. 1: 28. 1820; Camphora parthenoxylon (Jack) Nees; C. porrecta (Roxburgh) Voigt; Cinnamomum barbatoaxillatum N. Chao; C. porrectum (Roxburgh) Kostermans; C. purpureum H. G. Ye & F. G. Wang; L. porrecta Roxburgh; Parthenoxylon porrectum (Roxburgh) Blume; Phoebe latifolia Champion ex Bentham; Sassafras parthenoxylon (Jack) Nees.
Evergreen trees; trunk straight, 10-20 m tall, up to 40 cm d.b.h. Bark dark green-brown, gray-yellow on upper part, longitudinally deeply fissured, peeling off in lamellae, 3-5 mm thick, reddish inside, camphor-scented. Branchlets green-brown, robust, terete; young branchlets gray-green, angled, glabrous. Buds ovoid; bud scales suborbicular, sericeous. Leaves alternate; petiole 1.5-3 cm, concave-convex, glabrous; leaf blade greenish or glaucous green abaxially, dark green and shiny adaxially, usually elliptic-ovate or narrowly elliptic-ovate, 6-12 × 3-6 cm, those on fertile branchlets smaller, leathery, glabrous on both surfaces, pinninerved, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, lateral veins and midrib conspicuous on both surfaces, axils of lateral veins inconspicuously dome-shaped abaxially and inconspicuously bullate adaxially, transverse veins and veinlets reticulate, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex usually acute or shortly acuminate. Panicle axillary on upper part of branchlet or subterminal, 4.5-8 cm; peduncle 3-5.5 cm, peduncle and rachis glabrous. Pedicels slender, up to 4 mm, glabrous. Flowers green-yellow, small, ca. 3 mm. Perianth glabrous outside, pubescent inside; perianth tube obconical, ca. 1 mm; perianth lobes narrowly elliptic, ca. 2 × 1.2 mm, punctate, obtuse. Fertile stamens 9, ca. 1.5 mm (of 1st and 2nd whorls) or ca. 1.7 mm (of 3rd whorl); filaments pubescent, those of 3rd whorl each with 2 shortly stalked subcordate glands, others glandless; anthers ovate or oblong, ca. 0.7 mm, all 4-celled. Staminodes 3, triangular-cordate, including stalk less than 1 mm; stalk pubescent. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1 mm, glabrous; style curved, ca. 1 mm; stigma discoid, inconspicuously 3-lobed. Fruit black, globose, 6-8 mm in diam.; perianth cup in fruit red, narrowly obconical, ca. 1 cm or less, longitudinally striate, base ca. 1 mm wide. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Apr-Oct.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests, thickets; below 1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam].
The roots, bark, wood, and leafy branchlets contain volatile oil and camphor. The fruit kernel contains oil and fat (up to 60%), which are used in soap manufacture. The wood is finely grained and used for furniture and cabinets. The leaves are used as feed for the silkworm native to Hainan.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack.) Meissn
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：大叶樟
异名（Synonym）：Cinnamomum porrectum (Roxb.) Kosterm. Camphora parthenoxylon (Jack) Nees Camphora porrecta (Roxb.) Voigt Cinnamomum barbatoaxillatum N. Chao Laurus porrecta Roxb. Laurus parthenoxylon Jack Cinnamomum purpureum H. G. Ye et F. G. Wang Parthenoxylon porrectum (Roxburgh) Blume Sassafras parthenoxylon (Jack) Nees. Camphora inuncta Nees Camphora pseudosassafras Miq. Camphora chinensis Nees Cinnamomum inunctum (Nees) Meisn. Cinnamomum malaccense Meisn. Cinnamomum neesianum Meisn. Cinnamomum pseudosassafras Meisn. Phoebe latifolia Champ. ex Benth. Persea pseudosassafras Zoll. & Moritzi Sassafras loureiroi Kostel. Tetranthera camphoracea Wall. ex Meisn.
科属（Family & Genus）：樟科（Lauraceae）樟属
形态特征（Description）：常绿乔木，树干通直，高10-20米，胸径达40厘米以上；树皮暗灰褐色，上部为灰黄 色，深纵裂，小片剥落，厚约3-5毫米，内皮带红色，具有樟脑气味。枝条粗壮，圆柱形，绿褐色，小枝具棱角，灰绿色，无毛。芽卵形，鳞片近圆形，被绢状毛。叶互生，通常为椭圆状卵形或长椭圆状卵形，长6-12厘米，宽3-6厘米，在花枝上的稍小，先端通常急尖或短渐尖，基部楔形或阔楔形，革质，上面深绿色，下面色稍浅，两面无毛或仅下面腺窝具毛簇，羽状脉，侧脉每边4-5条，与中脉两面明显，侧脉脉腋上面不明显凸起下面无明显的腺 窝，细脉和小脉网状；叶柄长1.5-3厘米，腹凹背凸，无毛。圆锥花序于枝条上部腋生或 近顶生，长4.5-8厘米，总梗长3-5.5厘米，与各级序轴及花梗无毛。花小，长约3毫 米，绿带黄色；花梗纤细，长达4毫米。花被外面无毛，内面被短柔毛，花被筒倒锥形，长 约1毫米，花被裂片宽长椭圆形，长约2毫米，宽约1.2毫米，具点，先端钝形。能育雄蕊 9，花丝被短柔毛，第一、二轮雄蕊长约1.5毫米，花药卵圆形，与扁平的花丝近相等，第三 轮雄蕊长约1.7毫米，花药长圆形，长0.7毫米，花丝扁平，近基部有一对具短柄的近心形 腺体。退化雄蕊3，位于最内轮，三角状心形，连柄长不及1毫米，柄被短柔毛。子房卵 珠形，长约1毫米，无毛，花柱弯曲，长约1毫米，柱头盘状，不明显三浅裂。果球形，直径6-8毫米，黑色；果托狭长倒锥形，长约1厘米或稍短，基部宽1毫米，红色，有纵长的条纹。花期3-5月，果期4-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产广东、广西、福建、江西、湖南、贵州、四川、云南。生于海拔1500米以下的常绿阔 叶林或灌木丛中，后一生境中多呈矮生灌木型，云南南部有利用野生乔木辟为栽培的樟茶 混交林。巴基斯坦、印度经马来西亚至印度尼西亚也有。
用途（Use）：叶可供饲养天蚕，枝叶、根、树皮、木材可蒸樟油和提制樟脑，木材纹理通直，适于作梁、柱、桁、确、门、窗、天花板及农具等用材。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 102, 168, 174, 175
Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack) Meisner in A. Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 26. 1864.
黄樟 huang zhang | Lauraceae | Cinnamomum
Laurus parthenoxylon Jack, Malayan Misc. 1: 28. 1820; Camphora parthenoxylon (Jack) Nees; C. porrecta (Roxburgh) Voigt; Cinnamomum barbatoaxillatum N. Chao; C. porrectum (Roxburgh) Kostermans; C. purpureum H. G. Ye & F. G. Wang; L. porrecta Roxburgh; Parthenoxylon porrectum (Roxburgh) Blume; Phoebe latifolia Champion ex Bentham; Sassafras parthenoxylon (Jack) Nees.
Evergreen trees; trunk straight, 10-20 m tall, up to 40 cm d.b.h. Bark dark green-brown, gray-yellow on upper part, longitudinally deeply fissured, peeling off in lamellae, 3-5 mm thick, reddish inside, camphor-scented. Branchlets green-brown, robust, terete; young branchlets gray-green, angled, glabrous. Buds ovoid; bud scales suborbicular, sericeous. Leaves alternate; petiole 1.5-3 cm, concave-convex, glabrous; leaf blade greenish or glaucous green abaxially, dark green and shiny adaxially, usually elliptic-ovate or narrowly elliptic-ovate, 6-12 × 3-6 cm, those on fertile branchlets smaller, leathery, glabrous on both surfaces, pinninerved, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, lateral veins and midrib conspicuous on both surfaces, axils of lateral veins inconspicuously dome-shaped abaxially and inconspicuously bullate adaxially, transverse veins and veinlets reticulate, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex usually acute or shortly acuminate. Panicle axillary on upper part of branchlet or subterminal, 4.5-8 cm; peduncle 3-5.5 cm, peduncle and rachis glabrous. Pedicels slender, up to 4 mm, glabrous. Flowers green-yellow, small, ca. 3 mm. Perianth glabrous outside, pubescent inside; perianth tube obconical, ca. 1 mm; perianth lobes narrowly elliptic, ca. 2 × 1.2 mm, punctate, obtuse. Fertile stamens 9, ca. 1.5 mm (of 1st and 2nd whorls) or ca. 1.7 mm (of 3rd whorl); filaments pubescent, those of 3rd whorl each with 2 shortly stalked subcordate glands, others glandless; anthers ovate or oblong, ca. 0.7 mm, all 4-celled. Staminodes 3, triangular-cordate, including stalk less than 1 mm; stalk pubescent. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1 mm, glabrous; style curved, ca. 1 mm; stigma discoid, inconspicuously 3-lobed. Fruit black, globose, 6-8 mm in diam.; perianth cup in fruit red, narrowly obconical, ca. 1 cm or less, longitudinally striate, base ca. 1 mm wide. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Apr-Oct.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests, thickets; below 1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam].
The roots, bark, wood, and leafy branchlets contain volatile oil and camphor. The fruit kernel contains oil and fat (up to 60%), which are used in soap manufacture. The wood is finely grained and used for furniture and cabinets. The leaves are used as feed for the silkworm native to Hainan.
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