天师栗Aesculus chinensis var. wilsonii

中文名(Chinese Name):天师栗
学名(Scientific Name):Aesculus chinensis var. wilsonii (Rehder) Turland et N. H. Xia [
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):猴板栗
异名(Synonym):Aesculus wilsonii Rehd.  Actinotinus sinensis Oliv.
科属(Family & Genus):七叶树科(Hippocastanaceae)七叶树属
形态特征(Description):落叶乔木,常高15-20米,稀达25米,树皮平滑,灰褐色,常成薄片脱落。小枝圆柱形,紫褐色,嫩时密被长柔毛,渐老时脱落,有白色圆形或卵形皮孔。冬芽腋生于小枝的顶端,卵圆形,长1.5-2厘米,栗褐色,有树脂,外部的6-8枚鳞片常排列成覆瓦状。掌状复叶对生,有长10-15厘米的叶柄,嫩时微有短柔毛,渐老时无毛;小叶5-7枚,稀9枚,长圆倒卵形、长圆形或长圆倒披针形,先端锐尖或短锐尖,基部阔楔形或近于圆形,稀近于心脏形,边缘有很密的、微内弯的、骨质硬头的小锯齿,长10-25厘米,宽4-8厘米,上面深绿色,有光泽,除主脉基部微有长柔毛外其余部分无毛,下面淡绿色,有灰色绒毛或长柔毛,嫩时较密,侧脉20-25对在上面微凸起,在下面很显著地凸起,小叶柄长1.5-2.5厘米,稀达3厘米,微有短柔毛。花序顶生,直立,圆筒形,长20-30厘米,基部的直径10-12,稀达14厘米,总花梗长8-10厘米,基部的小花序长约3-4稀达6厘米;花梗长约5-8毫米。花有很浓的香味,杂性,雄花与两性花同株,雄花多生于花序上段,两性花生于其下段,不整齐;花萼管状,长6-7毫米,外面微有短柔毛,上段浅五裂,裂片大小不等,钝形,长1-2毫米,微有纤毛;花瓣4,倒卵形,长1.2-1.4厘米,外面有绒毛,内面无毛,边缘有纤毛,白色,前面的2枚花瓣匙状长圆形,上段宽3毫米,有黄色斑块,基部狭窄成爪状,旁边的“枚花瓣长圆倒卵形,上段宽4.5-5毫米,基部楔形;雄蕊7,伸出花外,长短不等,最长者长3厘米,花丝扁形,无毛,花药卵圆形,长1.3毫米;花盘微裂,无毛,两性花的子房上位,卵圆形,长4-5毫米,有黄色绒毛,3室,每室有2胚珠,花柱除顶端无毛外,其余部分有长柔毛,连同子房长约3厘米,在雄花中不发育或微发育。蒴果黄褐色,卵圆形或近于梨形,长3-4厘米,顶端有短尖头,无刺,有斑点,壳很薄,干时仅厚1.5-2毫米,成熟时常3裂;种子常仅1枚稀2枚发育良好,近于球形,直径3-305厘米,栗褐色,种脐淡白色,近于圆形,比较狭小,约占种子的1/3以下。花期4-5月,果期9-10月。
分布(Distribution):产河南、湖北、湖南、江西、广东、四川、贵州和云南。生于海拔1000-1800米的阔叶林中。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 12 Page 3
Aesculus chinensis var. wilsonii (Rehder) Turland & N. H. Xia, Novon. 15: 489. 2005.
天师栗 tian shi li| Hippocastanaceae  | Aesculus
Aesculus wilsonii Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 498. 1913; Actinotinus sinensis Oliver, p.p.
Leaflet blades abaxially ± uniformly grayish tomentose or villous, or grayish tomentose on veins (sometimes only when young), base broadly cuneate to rounded or slightly cordate.
● Broad-leaved forests, near streams in tall shady forests, woods, thickets, mountain and hill slopes, ravines, roadsides, also cultivated; 600-2000(-2300) m. Chongqing, S Gansu (Kangxian), N Guangdong, Guizhou, SW Henan, W Hubei, Hunan, W Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, NE Yunnan.
Actinotinus was described with a single species, A. sinensis (Oliver, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 18: t. 1740. 1888). It was based on a mixed gathering (Hubei: Badong, A. Henry 4058, holotype, K) comprising an inflorescence of a species of Viburnum inserted on the terminal bud of a leafy shoot of Aesculus chinensis var. wilsonii.
天师栗Aesculus chinensis var. wilsonii

天师栗Aesculus chinensis var. wilsonii
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