大叶藤黄Garcinia xanthochymus
中文名（Chinese Name）：大叶藤黄
学名（Scientific Name）：Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. Anderson
英文名（English Common Name）：garcinia
别名（Chinese Common Name）：人面果、岭南倒捻子
异名（Synonym）：Xanthochymus pictorius Roxb. Xanthochymus tinctorius DC. Stalagmitis pictoria G.Don
科属（Family & Genus）：藤黄科（Guttiferae）藤黄属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高8-20米，胸径15-45厘米，树皮灰褐色，分枝细长，多而密集，平伸，先端下垂，通常披散重叠，小枝和嫩枝具明显纵稜。叶两行排列，厚革质，具光泽，椭圆形、长圆形或长方状披针形，长（14-)20-34厘米，宽（4-）６-12厘米，顶端急尖或钝，稀渐尖，基部楔形或宽楔形，中脉粗壮，两面隆起，侧脉密集，多达35-40对，网脉明显；叶柄粗壮，基部马蹄形，微抱茎，枝条顶端的1-2对叶柄通常玫瑰红色，长1.5-2.5厘米，干后有稜及横皱纹。伞房状聚伞花序，有花(2-)5-10(-14）朵，腋生或从落叶叶腋生出总梗长约6-12毫米；花两性，5数，花梗长1.8-3厘米；萼片和花瓣3大2小，边缘具睫毛；雄蕊花丝下部合生成5束，先端分离，分离部份长约3毫米，扁平，每束具花药2-5，基部具方形腺体5枚，腺体顶端有多数孔穴，长约1毫米，与萼片对生；子房圆球形，通常5室，花柱短，约1毫米，柱头盾形，中间凹陷，通常深5裂，稀4或3裂，光滑。浆果圆球形或卵球形，成熟时黄色，外面光滑，有时具圆形皮孔，顶端突尖，有时偏斜，柱头宿存，基部通常有宿存的萼片和雄蕊束。种子1-4，外面具多汁的瓢状假种皮，长圆形或卵球形，种皮光滑，棕褐色。花期3-5月，果期8-11月。
分布（Distribution）：产云南及广西，生于海拔100-1400米沟谷和丘陵地潮湿的密林中。喜马拉雅山，孟加拉东部经缅甸、泰国至中南半岛及安达曼岛也有。
用途（Use）：果成熟后可食用，其味较酸；种子含油量17.72%，可作工业用油
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 13 Page 41, 42
Garcinia xanthochymus J. D. Hooker ex T. Anderson in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 1: 269. 1874.
大叶藤黄 da ye teng huang| Clusiaceae | Garcinia
Garcinia pictoria (Roxburgh) Engler (1925), not Buchanan-Hamilton (1826); G. tinctoria W. Wight (1909); G. tinctoria (Candolle) Dunn (1915); Xanthochymus pictorius Roxburgh; X. tinctorius Candolle.
Trees 8-10 m tall, 15-45 cm in diam. Bark gray-brown. Branches numerous, slender, decussate, horizontal but usually ± distally pendulous, twigs distinctly angled. Petiole robust, V-shaped and somewhat clasping at base, 1.5-2.5 cm, angled and transversely wrinkled when dry, those of terminal 1 or 2 pairs on branchlet usually rose-colored; leaf blade shiny, elliptic or oblong to oblong-lanceolate, (14-)20-34 × (4-)6-12 cm, thickly leathery, midvein robust, raised on both surfaces; veins dense, to 35-40 pairs, near margin arching and anastomosing; tertiary veins and veinlets conspicuous, base ± broadly cuneate, margin involute, apex acute to obtuse, rarely acuminate. Corymbose cyme (2-)5-10(-14)-flowered, arising from leafless axils; peduncle 6-12 mm. Pedicels 1.8-3 cm. Flowers 5-merous, only female observed. Sepals and petals 3 large and 2 small, apparently ciliate. Staminode fascicles 5, ca. 3 mm, complanate, united below, upper parts free, each fascicle with 2-5 staminodes; fasciclodes 5, square, ca. 1 mm, strongly rugose. Ovary globose, usually 5-loculed; style short, ca. 1 mm; stigma peltate, apex concave, (3-)5-cleft. Mature berry yellow, globose or ovoid, sometimes oblique, 3-5 cm in diam., smooth or sometimes with orbicular lenticels, apiculate, sepals and staminal bundles usually persistent. Seeds 1-4, oblong or ovoid; testa brown, smooth. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Aug-Nov. 2n = 72, 80, 96.
Dense humid forests of valleys or on hills; (100-)600-1000(-1400) m. Guangdong (cultivated), SW Guangxi, S, SW, and W Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Japan (introduced and cultivated), Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].
The fruit is edible but is rather sour. The seeds yield up to 17% oil.
Some scholars have reduced Garcinia pictoria Buchanan-Hamilton (Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 346. 1826) to this species; however, G. pictoria Buchanan-Hamilton has 4-merous, solitary, sessile flowers, 4-cleft stigmas, and 4-angled fruit, so it is regarded as distinct.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. Anderson
英文名（English Common Name）：garcinia
别名（Chinese Common Name）：人面果、岭南倒捻子
异名（Synonym）：Xanthochymus pictorius Roxb. Xanthochymus tinctorius DC. Stalagmitis pictoria G.Don
科属（Family & Genus）：藤黄科（Guttiferae）藤黄属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高8-20米，胸径15-45厘米，树皮灰褐色，分枝细长，多而密集，平伸，先端下垂，通常披散重叠，小枝和嫩枝具明显纵稜。叶两行排列，厚革质，具光泽，椭圆形、长圆形或长方状披针形，长（14-)20-34厘米，宽（4-）６-12厘米，顶端急尖或钝，稀渐尖，基部楔形或宽楔形，中脉粗壮，两面隆起，侧脉密集，多达35-40对，网脉明显；叶柄粗壮，基部马蹄形，微抱茎，枝条顶端的1-2对叶柄通常玫瑰红色，长1.5-2.5厘米，干后有稜及横皱纹。伞房状聚伞花序，有花(2-)5-10(-14）朵，腋生或从落叶叶腋生出总梗长约6-12毫米；花两性，5数，花梗长1.8-3厘米；萼片和花瓣3大2小，边缘具睫毛；雄蕊花丝下部合生成5束，先端分离，分离部份长约3毫米，扁平，每束具花药2-5，基部具方形腺体5枚，腺体顶端有多数孔穴，长约1毫米，与萼片对生；子房圆球形，通常5室，花柱短，约1毫米，柱头盾形，中间凹陷，通常深5裂，稀4或3裂，光滑。浆果圆球形或卵球形，成熟时黄色，外面光滑，有时具圆形皮孔，顶端突尖，有时偏斜，柱头宿存，基部通常有宿存的萼片和雄蕊束。种子1-4，外面具多汁的瓢状假种皮，长圆形或卵球形，种皮光滑，棕褐色。花期3-5月，果期8-11月。
分布（Distribution）：产云南及广西，生于海拔100-1400米沟谷和丘陵地潮湿的密林中。喜马拉雅山，孟加拉东部经缅甸、泰国至中南半岛及安达曼岛也有。
用途（Use）：果成熟后可食用，其味较酸；种子含油量17.72%，可作工业用油
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 13 Page 41, 42
Garcinia xanthochymus J. D. Hooker ex T. Anderson in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India. 1: 269. 1874.
大叶藤黄 da ye teng huang| Clusiaceae | Garcinia
Garcinia pictoria (Roxburgh) Engler (1925), not Buchanan-Hamilton (1826); G. tinctoria W. Wight (1909); G. tinctoria (Candolle) Dunn (1915); Xanthochymus pictorius Roxburgh; X. tinctorius Candolle.
Trees 8-10 m tall, 15-45 cm in diam. Bark gray-brown. Branches numerous, slender, decussate, horizontal but usually ± distally pendulous, twigs distinctly angled. Petiole robust, V-shaped and somewhat clasping at base, 1.5-2.5 cm, angled and transversely wrinkled when dry, those of terminal 1 or 2 pairs on branchlet usually rose-colored; leaf blade shiny, elliptic or oblong to oblong-lanceolate, (14-)20-34 × (4-)6-12 cm, thickly leathery, midvein robust, raised on both surfaces; veins dense, to 35-40 pairs, near margin arching and anastomosing; tertiary veins and veinlets conspicuous, base ± broadly cuneate, margin involute, apex acute to obtuse, rarely acuminate. Corymbose cyme (2-)5-10(-14)-flowered, arising from leafless axils; peduncle 6-12 mm. Pedicels 1.8-3 cm. Flowers 5-merous, only female observed. Sepals and petals 3 large and 2 small, apparently ciliate. Staminode fascicles 5, ca. 3 mm, complanate, united below, upper parts free, each fascicle with 2-5 staminodes; fasciclodes 5, square, ca. 1 mm, strongly rugose. Ovary globose, usually 5-loculed; style short, ca. 1 mm; stigma peltate, apex concave, (3-)5-cleft. Mature berry yellow, globose or ovoid, sometimes oblique, 3-5 cm in diam., smooth or sometimes with orbicular lenticels, apiculate, sepals and staminal bundles usually persistent. Seeds 1-4, oblong or ovoid; testa brown, smooth. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Aug-Nov. 2n = 72, 80, 96.
Dense humid forests of valleys or on hills; (100-)600-1000(-1400) m. Guangdong (cultivated), SW Guangxi, S, SW, and W Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Japan (introduced and cultivated), Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].
The fruit is edible but is rather sour. The seeds yield up to 17% oil.
Some scholars have reduced Garcinia pictoria Buchanan-Hamilton (Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 346. 1826) to this species; however, G. pictoria Buchanan-Hamilton has 4-merous, solitary, sessile flowers, 4-cleft stigmas, and 4-angled fruit, so it is regarded as distinct.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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