菲岛福木Garcinia subelliptica

中文名(Chinese Name):菲岛福木
学名(Scientific Name):Garcinia subelliptica Merr.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):福木、福树
异名(Synonym):
科属(Family & Genus):藤黄科(Guttiferae)藤黄属
形态特征(Description):乔木,高可达20余米,小枝坚韧粗壮,具4-6稜。叶片厚革质,卵形,卵状长圆形或椭圆形,稀圆形或披针形,长7-14(-20)厘米,宽3-6(-7)厘米,顶端钝、圆形或微凹,基部宽楔形至近圆形,上面深绿色,具光泽,下面黄绿色,中脉在下面隆起,侧脉纤细,微拱形,12-18对,两面隆起,至边缘处联结,网脉明显;叶柄粗壮,长6-15毫米。花杂性,同株,5数;雄花和雌花通常混合在-起,簇生或单生于落叶腋部,有时雌花成簇生状,雄花成假穗状,长约10厘米;雄花萼片近圆形,革质,边缘有密的短睫毛,内方2枚较大,外方3枚较小;花瓣倒卵形,黄色,长约为萼片的2倍多,雄蕊合生成5束,每束有6-10枚,束柄长约2毫米,花药双生;雌花通常具长梗,退化雄蕊合生成5束,花药萎缩状,副花冠上半部具不规则的啮齿;子房球形,外面有稜,3-5室,花柱极短,柱头盾形,5深裂,无瘤突。浆果宽长圆形,成熟时黄色,外面光滑,种子1-3(-4)枚。
分布(Distribution):产台湾,生于海滨的杂木林中。日本的琉球群岛、菲律宾、斯里兰卡、印度尼西亚也有。
用途(Use):本种能耐暴风和怒潮的侵袭,根部巩固,枝叶茂盛,是我国沿海地区营造防风林的理想树种。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 13 Page 41, 42
Garcinia subelliptica Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 3: 361. 1909.
菲岛福木 fei dao fu mu | Clusiaceae  | Garcinia
Trees to 2 m tall or more. Twigs rigid, robust, 4-6-angled. Petiole 0.6-1.5 cm, robust; leaf blade abaxially yellow-green, adaxially dark green and shiny, ovate, ovate-oblong, or elliptic, rarely orbicular or lanceolate, 7-14(-20) × 3-6(-7) cm, thickly leathery, midvein raised abaxially; secondary veins 12-18 pairs, slender, slightly arching, raised on both surfaces, joining at leaf margin, tertiary veins and veinlets conspicuous, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin involute, apex obtuse, rounded, or emarginate. Plant monoecious; flowers 5-merous, male and female flowers usually mixed together, clustered or solitary in leafless axil, sometimes female flowers in cluster but male ones arranged in a pseudospike ca. 1 cm. Male flowers: sepals suborbicular, leathery, densely ciliolate at margin, inner 2 large, outer 3 small; petals yellow, obovate, ca. 2 × as long as sepals or more; stamens 5 fascicle bundles, each with 6-10 stamens; stalk ca. 2 mm; anthers 2-celled; fasciclodes 5, glandlike, rugose; pistillode absent. Female flowers: pedicels usually long; staminode fascicles 5; fasciclodes 5, free, irregularly erose on upper half; ovary globose, 3-5-loculed; stigma peltate, 5-cleft, smooth. Mature berry yellow, broadly oblong, smooth; seeds 1-3(or 4).
Coastal broad-leaved forests. Taiwan (Gaoxiong, Huoshao Dao, cultivated in Taibei) [Indonesia (Java), Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Philippines, Sri Lanka].
This species is characteristically a coastal tree.
菲岛福木Garcinia subelliptica

菲岛福木Garcinia subelliptica

菲岛福木Garcinia subelliptica

菲岛福木Garcinia subelliptica(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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