中文名（Chinese Name）：白楸
学名（Scientific Name）：Mallotus paniculatus (Lam.) Muell. Arg.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：力树、黄背桐
异名（Synonym）：Echinus trisulcus Lour.  Mallotus cochinchinensis Lour.  Mallotus paniculatus var. formosanus (Hayata) Hurus.  Mallotus formosanus Hayata  Mallotus albus (Roxb. ex Jack) Müll. Arg.  Rottlera paniculata A. Juss.  Rottlera alba Roxb.
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）野桐属
形态特征（Description）：乔木或灌木，高3-15米；树皮灰褐色，近平滑；小枝被褐色星状绒毛。叶互生，生于花序下部的叶常密生，卵形、卵状三角形或菱形，长5-15厘米，宽3-10厘米顶端长渐尖，基部楔形或阔楔形，边缘波状或近全缘，上部有时具2裂片或粗齿；嫩叶两面均被灰黄色或灰白色星状绒毛，成长叶上面无毛；基出脉5条，基部近叶柄处具斑状腺体2个，叶柄稍盾状着生，长2-15厘米。花雌雄异株，总状花序或圆锥花序，分枝广展，顶生，雄花序长10-20厘米；苞片卵状披针形，长约2毫米，渐尖，苞腋有雄花2-6朵，雄花：花梗长约2毫米；花蕾卵形或球形；花萼裂片4-5，卵形，长2-2.5毫米，外面密被星状毛；雄蕊50-60枚。雌花序长5-25厘米；苞片卵形，长不及1毫米，苞腋有雌花1-2朵；雌花：花梗长约2毫米；花萼裂片4-5，长卵形，长2-3毫米，常不等大，外面密生星状毛；花柱3，基部稍合生，柱头长2-3毫米，密生羽毛状突起。蒴果扁球形，具3个分果爿，直径1-1.5厘米，被褐色星状绒毛和疏生钻形软刺，长4-5毫米，具毛；种子近球形，深褐色，常具皱纹。花期7-10月，果期11-12月。
分布（Distribution）：产云南、贵州、广西、广东、海南、福建和台湾。生于海拔50-1300米林缘或灌丛中。亚洲东南部各国也有。
用途（Use）：木材质地轻软；种子油可作工业用油。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 227, 236
Mallotus paniculatus (Lamarck) Müller Argoviensis, Linnaea. 34: 189. 1865.
白楸 bai qiu | Euphorbiaceae  | Mallotus
Croton paniculatus Lamarck, Encycl. 2: 207. 1786; Echinus trisulcus Loureiro; Mallotus chinensis Müller Argoviensis; M. cochinchinensis Loureiro; M. formosanus Hayata; M. paniculatus var. formosanus (Hayata) Hurusawa; Rottlera paniculata (Lamarck) A. Jussieu.
Shrubs or trees, 3-15 m tall. Branchlets reddish stellate-tomentulose. Stipules small; petiole 2-15 cm; leaf blade rhombic, ovate, or triangular-ovate, often 1-3-lobed or 3-cuspidate, 5-15 × 3-12 cm, thickly papery, adaxially glabrescent, abaxially grayish tomentulose, base cuneate, sometimes slightly peltate, with 2 large basal glands, apex acuminate; basal veins 3-5. Male and female inflorescences often branched, 10-25 cm, tomentulose; bracts ovate, 1-2 mm. Male flowers 2-7-fascicled; pedicel 2-3 mm; calyx lobes 3 or 4, ovate, 2-2.5 mm, stellate-puberulent; stamens 50-60. Female flowers: sepals 4 or 5, oblong, 2-3 mm, tomentulose; ovary tomentulose; styles 3, ca. 3 mm, plumose. Fruiting pedicel ca. 2.5 mm; capsule 3-locular, ca. 10 mm in diam., tomentulose, sparsely softly spiny, spines subulate, 4-5 mm. Seeds subglobose, ca. 4 mm in diam., blackish, verruculose or smooth. Fl. Jul-Oct, fr. Oct-Dec.
Mountain slopes, thickets, secondary forests; below 100-1300 m. S Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; NE Australia].