柿Diospyros kaki

中文名(Chinese Name):
学名(Scientific Name):Diospyros kaki Thunb.
英文名(English Common Name):japanese persimmon
别名(Chinese Common Name):柿树
异名(Synonym):Diospyros schitze Bunge  Diospyros lobata Lour.  Diospyros kaki var. domestica Makino  Diospyros chinensis Blume  Diospyros bertii André  Diospyros amara Perrier  Diospyros costata Carrière  Diospyros mazelii E.Morren  Diospyros kaempferi Naudin  Diospyros kaki var. aurantium André  Diospyros kaki var. elliptica André  Diospyros kaki var. sahuti André  Diospyros lycopersicon Carrière  Diospyros roxburghii Carrière  Embryopteris kaki (Thunb.) G.Don  Diospyros schi-tse Bunge  Diospyros sphenophylla Hiern  Diospyros wieseneri Carrière
科属(Family & Genus):柿科(Ebenaceae)柿属
形态特征(Description):灰褐色至褐色,沟纹较密,裂成长方块状;树冠球形或长圆球形,老树冠直径达10-13米,有达18米的。枝开展,带绿色至褐色,无毛,散生纵裂的长圆形或狭长圆形皮孔;嫩枝初时有棱,有棕色柔毛或绒毛或无毛。冬芽小,卵形,长2-3毫米,先端钝。叶纸质,卵状椭圆形至倒卵形或近圆形,通常较大,长5-18厘米,宽2.8-9厘米,先端渐尖或钝,基部楔形,钝,圆形或近截形,很少为心形,新叶疏生柔毛,老叶上面有光泽,深绿色,无毛,下面绿色,有柔毛或无毛,中脉在上面凹下,有微柔毛,在下面凸起,侧脉每边5-7条,上面平坦或稍凹下,下面略凸起,下部的脉较长,上部的较短,向上斜生,稍弯,将近叶缘网结,小脉纤细,在上面平坦或微凹下,连结成小网状;叶柄长8-20毫米,变无毛,上面有浅槽。花雌雄异株,但间或有雄株中有少数雌花,雌株中有少数雄花的,花序腋生,为聚伞花序;雄花序小,长1-1.5厘米,弯垂,有短柔毛或绒毛,有花3-5朵,通常有花3朵;总花梗长约5毫米,有微小苞片;雄花小,长5-10毫米;花萼钟状,两面有毛,深4裂,裂片卵形,长约3毫米,有睫毛;花冠钟状,不长过花萼的两倍,黄白色,外面或两面有毛,长约7毫米,4裂,裂片卵形或心形,开展,两面有绢毛或外面脊上有长伏柔毛,里面近无毛,先端钝,雄蕊16-24枚,着生在花冠管的基部,连生成对,腹面1枚较短,花丝短,先端有柔毛,花药椭圆状长圆形,顶端渐尖,药隔背部有柔毛,退化子房微小;花梗长约3毫米。雌花单生叶腋,长约2厘米,花萼绿色,有光泽,直径约3厘米或更大,深4裂,萼管近球状钟形,肉质,长约5毫米,直径7-10毫米,外面密生伏柔毛,里面有绢毛,裂片开展,阔卵形或半圆形,有脉,长约1.5厘米,两面疏生伏柔毛或近无毛,先端钝或急尖,两端略向背后弯卷;花冠淡黄白色或黄白色而带紫红色,壶形或近钟形,较花萼短小,长和直径各1.2-1.5厘米,4裂,花冠管近四棱形,直径6-10毫米,裂片阔卵形,长5-10毫米,宽4-8毫米,上部向外弯曲;退化雄蕊8枚,着生在花冠管的基部,带白色,有长柔毛;子房近扁球形,直径约6毫米,多少具4棱,无毛或有短柔毛,8室,每室有胚珠1颗;花柱4深裂,柱头2浅裂;花梗长6-20毫米,密生短柔毛。果形种种,有球形,扁球形,球形而略呈方形,卵形,等等,直径3.5-8.5厘米不等,基部通常有棱,嫩时绿色,后变黄色,橙黄色,果肉较脆硬,老熟时果肉变成柔软多汁,呈橙红色或大红色等,有种子数颗;种子褐色,椭圆状,长约2厘米,宽约1厘米,侧扁,在栽培品种中通常无种子或有少数种子;宿存萼在花后增大增厚,宽3-4厘米,4裂,方形或近圆形,近平扁,厚革质或干时近木质,外面有伏柔毛,后变无毛,里面密被棕色绢毛,裂片革质,宽1.5-2厘米,长1-1.5厘米,两面无毛,有光泽;果柄粗壮,长6-12毫米。花期5-6月,果期9-10月。
分布(Distribution):原产我国长江流域,辽宁及以南地区有栽培。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 15 Page 225      
Diospyros kaki Thunberg, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3: 208. 1780.
柿 shi| Ebenaceae  | Diospyros
Trees, to 27 m tall, deciduous. Young branchlets densely pubescent to glabrous, sometimes with reddish brown lenticels. Winter buds small, blackish. Petiole 0.8--2 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate, occasionally obovate, 5--18 X 2.6--9 cm, papery, pubescent when young drying brown, adaxially often glabrescent when mature and paler with dark veinlets, base cuneate, subtruncate, or rarely cordate, apex usually acuminate, lateral veins 5--7 per side, reticulate veinlets clearly defined, flat, and dark. Male flowers small, in 3--5-flowered cymes; calyx ± as long as corolla, hairy on both sides, lobes 4; corolla white, yellowish white, or red, 6--10 mm; stamens (14--)16--24. Female flowers solitary; calyx 3 cm or more in diam., lobes 4; corolla usually yellowish white, campanulate, (0.9--)1--1.6 cm, lobes recurved and ovate; staminodes 8(--16); ovary glabrous or pubescent. Fruiting calyx 3--4 cm in diam. Berries yellow to orange, flattened globose to ovoid but usually globose, 2--8.5 cm in diam., 8-locular, glabrescent. Seeds dark brown, 13--16 X 7.5--9 X 4--5 mm. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [widely cultivated outside of China, particularly Japan, naturalized in some areas].
柿Diospyros kaki

柿Diospyros kaki

柿Diospyros kaki

柿Diospyros kaki(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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