槟榔青Spondias pinnata

槟榔青Spondias pinnata

槟榔青Spondias pinnata

槟榔青Spondias pinnata

中文名(Chinese Name):槟榔青
学名(Scientific Name):Spondias pinnata (Linn. f.) Kurz
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):鸡坑子、麻谷
异名(Synonym):Poupartia pinnata (L. f.) Blanco;Spondias acuminata Roxb.;Spondias mangifera Willd.;Spondias bivenomarginalis K.M. Feng & Mao;Tetrastigma megalocarpum W.T. Wang 
科属(Family & Genus):漆树科(Anacardiaceae)槟榔青属
形态特征(Description):落叶乔木,高10-15米,小枝粗壮,黄褐色,无毛,具小皮孔。叶互生,奇数羽状复叶长30-40厘米,有小叶2-5对,叶轴和叶柄圆柱形,无毛,叶柄长10-15厘米;小叶对生,薄纸质,卵状长圆形或椭圆状长圆形,长7-12厘米,宽4-5厘米,先端渐尖或短尾尖,基部楔形或近圆形,多少偏斜,全缘,略背卷,两面无毛,侧脉斜升,密而近平行,在边缘内彼此连结成边缘脉,距边缘约1毫米,侧脉在叶面略凹,叶背突起,网脉不显;小叶柄短,长3-5毫米。圆锥花序顶生,长25-35厘米,无毛,基部分枝长10-15厘米,花小,白色;无梗或近无梗,基部具苞片和小苞片;花萼无毛,裂片阔三角形,长约0.5毫米;花瓣卵状长圆形,长约2.5毫米,宽约1.5毫米,先端急尖,内卷,无毛;雄蕊10,比花瓣短,长约1.5毫米;花盘大,10裂;子房无毛,长约1.3毫米。核果椭圆形或椭圆状卵形,成熟时黄褐色,大,长3.5-5厘米,径2.5-3.5厘米,中果皮肉质,内果皮外层为密集纵向排列的纤维质和少量软组织,无刺状突起,里层木质坚硬,有5个薄壁组织消失后的大空腔,与子房室互生,每室具1种子,通常仅2-3颗种子成熟。花期3-4月,果期5-9月。
分布(Distribution):产云南、广西和广东,生于海拔(360-)460-1200米的低山或沟谷林中。分布于越南、柬埔寨、泰国、缅甸、马来西亚、斯里兰卡、印度、锡金、菲律宾和印度尼西亚(爪哇)。
用途(Use):果和幼叶可食。树皮可提栲胶。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 339      
Spondias pinnata (Linnaeus f.) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu. App. A, 44; App. B, 42. 1875.
槟榔青 bing lang qing | Anacardiaceae  | Spondias
Mangifera pinnata Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 156. 1782; Poupartia pinnata (Linnaeus f.) Blanco; Spondias acuminata Roxburgh; S. bivenomarginalis K. M. Feng & P. Y. Mao; S. mangifera Willdenow; Tetrastigma megalocarpum W. T. Wang.
Deciduous trees, 10-15 m tall; branchlets yellowish brown, glabrous. Petiole 10-15 cm, petiole and rachis glabrous; leaf blade 30-40 cm, imparipinnately compound with 5-11 opposite leaflets; leaflet petiolule 3-5 mm; leaflet blade ovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, 7-12 × 4-5 cm, papery, glabrous on both sides, base cuneate to rounded, often oblique, margin serrate or entire, apex acuminate, lateral veins 12-25 pairs, slightly impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially, joined with submarginal collecting vein. Inflorescence paniculate, terminal, 25-35 cm, glabrous, basal first order branches 10-15 cm. Flower sessile or subsessile, white, glabrous. Calyx lobes triangular, ca. 0.5 mm. Petals ovate-oblong, ca. 2.5 × 1.5 mm, apically acute. Stamens ca. 1.5 mm. Ovary subglobose, ca. 1 mm; styles 4 or 5, free, ca. 0.5 mm. Drupe ellipsoid to elliptic-ovoid, yellowish orange at maturity, 3.5-5 × 2.5-3.5 cm; inner part of endocarp woody and grooved, outer part fibrous; mature fruit usually with 2 or 3 seeds. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Aug-Sep.
Lowland and hill forests; 300-1200 m. S Guangxi, Hainan, S Yunnan [probably native to Indonesia and the Philippines; widely cultivated and naturalized in Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia (peninsular), Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam].
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