三尖杉Cephalotaxus fortunei

三尖杉Cephalotaxus fortunei

三尖杉Cephalotaxus fortunei

中文名(Chinese Name):三尖杉
学名(Scientific Name):Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Cephalotaxus fortunei var. concolor Franch.  Cephalotaxus fortunei var. pendula Carrière  Taxus fortunei (Hook.) C.Lawson
科属(Family & Genus):三尖杉科Cephalotaxaceae三尖杉属
形态特征(Description):乔木,高达20米,胸径达40厘米;树皮褐色或红褐色,裂成片状脱落;枝条较细长,稍下垂;树冠广圆形。叶排成两列,披针状条形,通常微弯,长4-13(多为5-10)厘米,宽3.5-4.5毫米,上部渐窄,先端有渐尖的长尖头,基部楔形或宽楔形,上面深绿色,中脉隆起,下面气孔带白色,较绿色边带宽3-5倍,绿色中脉带明显或微明显。雄球花8-10聚生成头状,径约1厘米,总花梗粗,通常长6-8毫米,基部及总花梗上部有18-24枚苞片,每一雄球花有6-16枚雄蕊,花药3,花丝短;雌球花的胚珠3-8枚发育成种子,总梗长1.5-2厘米。种子椭圆状卵形或近圆球形,长约2.5厘米,假种皮成熟时紫色或红紫色,顶端有小尖头;子叶2枚,条形,长2.2-3.8厘米,宽约2毫米,先端钝圆或微凹,下面中脉隆起,无气孔线,上面有凹槽,内有一窄的白粉带;初生叶镰状条形,最初5-8片,形小,长4-8毫米,下面有白色气孔带。花期4月,种子8-10月成熟。
分布(Distribution):为我国特有树种,产于浙江、安徽南部、福建、江西、湖南、湖北、河南南部、陕西南部、甘肃南部、四川、云南、贵州、广西及广东等省区。在东部各省生于海拔200-1000米地带,在西南各省区分布较高,可达2700-3000米,生于阔叶树、针叶树混交林中。
用途(Use):木材黄褐色,纹理细致,材质坚实,韧性强,有弹性,比重0.59-0.77。可供建筑、桥梁、舟车、农具、家具及器具等用材。叶、枝、种子、根可提取多种植物碱,对治疗淋巴肉瘤等有一定的疗效;种仁可榨油,供工业用。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 4 Page 87
Cephalotaxus fortunei Hooker, Bot. Mag. 76: t. 4499. 1850.
三尖杉 san jian shan | Cephalotaxaceae  | Cephalotaxus
Trees or shrubs to 20 m tall; trunk to 20 cm or more d.b.h.; bark dark reddish brown, peeling in strips. Leafy branchlets obovate, obtriangular, or ± rectangular in outline, plane, (4-)5-21 × (3-)7-20 cm. Leaves borne at 30-110° to branchlet axis; petiole 0.5-2 mm; blade deep green and glossy adaxially, linear-lanceolate, distally gradually attenuate (from proximal 1/3 of blade), falcate or ± straight, flat, (1.5-)3.5-12.5 cm × (1.5-)3.2-5 mm, leathery but usually rather soft and flexible, midvein 0.2-0.5 mm wide abaxially, stomatal bands (0.8-)1.2-2.1 mm wide, usually of (13-)17-24 rows of stomata, 2-5 × as wide as midvein, marginal bands 0.1-0.4 mm wide, base cuneate or shortly attenuate, asymmetric, margin flat or very narrowly revolute when dry, apex cuspidate, cusp 0.5-2 mm, often breaking off. Pollen-cone capitula of 6-14 cones, distinctly pedunculate (peduncle 2-5 mm), or sessile to subsessile (peduncle 0-2 mm), globose, 6-10 mm in diam.; bracts ovate, largest ca. 2 × 2.5 mm, margin ± entire or erose, apex acute; microsporophylls 6-16, each with 3 or 4 pollen sacs. Seed cones borne 3-6 together; peduncle 3-12 mm; seed scales ca. 1.5 mm. Aril yellow or green initially, turning purple when ripe, 1.4-2.5 × 0.9-1.5 cm, with numerous indistinct striations or prominent longitudinal ridges, apex very shortly mucronate. Seeds ellipsoid, 1.3-2.4 × 0.7-1.4 cm. Pollination Apr-May, seed maturity Jun-Oct.
Mixed, coniferous, and broad-leaved forests, thickets, roadsides; 200-3700 m. S Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S Henan, W Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [N Myanmar].
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