台湾苏铁Cycas taiwaniana

台湾苏铁Cycas taiwaniana

台湾苏铁Cycas taiwaniana

中文名(Chinese Name):台湾苏铁
学名(Scientific Name): Cycas taiwaniana Carruth.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):滇南苏铁、广东苏铁
异名(Synonym):Cycas revoluta var. taiwaniana (Carruth.) J. Schust.  
科属(Family & Genus):苏铁科(Cycadaceae)苏铁属
形态特征(Description):树干圆柱形,高1-3.5米,径20-35厘米,有残存的叶柄。羽状叶长达180厘米,宽20-40厘米,条状矩圆形,先端钝,基部渐狭,叶柄长15-40厘米,横切面卵圆形,两侧有刺,刺长2-5毫米,羽状裂片90-144对,条形,薄革质,斜上伸展,中部的羽状裂片与叶轴成60度的角度,通常直或中上部微弯,长18-25厘米,宽7-12毫米,上部渐窄,先端有渐尖的刺状长尖头(基部的羽状裂片有微急尖的长尖头),基部惭窄,下侧较上侧稍宽,下延生长,边缘全缘,稍增厚不反卷,两面中脉隆起或微隆起,通常上面的隆起更显著,上面绿色,有光泽,下面淡绿色,无毛。雄球花近圆柱形或长椭圆形,长约50厘米,径9-10厘米,梗长约5厘米,小孢子叶近楔形,长2.5-4厘米,宽1.5-1.8厘米,横切面宽三角形,顶端近截形,有刺状尖头,两角、锐尖,下部渐窄,下面及顶部密生暗黄色或锈色绒毛,上面光滑,花药2-4个聚生;大孢子叶密生黄褐色或锈色绒毛,成熟后逐渐脱落,长17-25厘米,下部柄状,长10-15厘米,横切面近菱形,柄的中上部两侧着生4-6枚胚珠,成熟时下部光滑无毛,胚珠栗褐色,光滑无毛,宽倒卵圆形或圆球形,顶端具一短尖头,上部的顶片斜方状圆形或宽卵圆形,宽7-8厘米,边缘蓖齿状分裂,裂片钻形,有刺状尖头,通常上部光滑无毛,顶生的裂片稍长大,具锯齿或呈钻形再分裂。种子椭圆形或矩圆形,稀卵圆形,稍扁,熟时红褐色,长3-4.5厘米,径1.5-3厘米,顶端微凹,外面有不规则的皱纹,中种皮木质,两侧常具两条稀一条明显的棱脊,向上逐渐消失,顶端有微小的尖头。
分布(Distribution):产于我国台湾东部卑南大溪、清水等地,生于沿河两岸的丛林中,在台东红叶村的深山峭壁里,发现有较大面积的野生林,广东的罗浮山、海南岛和福建的厦门亦有。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 4
Cycas taiwaniana Carruthers, J. Bot. 31: 2. 1893.
台湾苏铁 guang dong su tie | Cycadaceae  | Cycas
Cycas diannanensis Z. T. Guan & G. D. Tao; C. fairylakea D. Y. Wang; C. pectinata Griffith subsp. manhaoensis C. Chen & P. Yun; C. revoluta Thunberg var. taiwaniana (Carruthers) Schuster.
Trunk cylindric, to 3.5 m × 35 cm; bark dark brown or gray-brown, scaly. Leaves 60-90, 1-pinnate, 1.5-3 m × 40-60 cm; petiole obovate in cross section, 40-120 cm, with 30-60 spines along each side of basal part, glabrous; leaf blade oblong, flat, orange-brown tomentose when young; leaflets in 70-150 pairs, longitudinally inserted at 55-75° to rachis, often falcate, 18-35 cm × 11-14 mm, leathery, glabrous abaxially, midvein raised on both surfaces only when fresh, slightly raised or flat abaxially when dry, base decurrent, margin flat, apex attenuate, pungent. Cataphylls triangular-lanceolate, ca. 8 × 2.5 cm, densely brown tomentose, apex with long, hard point. Pollen cones ovoid or ellipsoid-cylindric, 30-45 × 8-10 cm; microsporophylls narrowly cuneate, 2-3 cm × 5-8 mm; apex obtuse-rounded, with very short, upcurved mucro. Megasporophylls more than 30, tightly grouped, 15-22 cm, pale brown tomentose; stalk 8-12 cm; sterile blade rhombic-ovate, 7-12 × 6-7 cm, margin glabresent and pectinate, with (11-)23-47 lobes 2-3.5 cm, terminal lobe ± flattened, 2-3.5 cm × 5-10 mm, margin usually irregularly serrulate, apex acute; ovules 2 or 3 on each side of distal part of stalk, glabrous. Seeds 2(-4), pale yellowish, globose, or broadly obovoid, slightly compressed, 2.8-3.3 × 2.5-3 cm; sclerotesta finely verrucose. Pollination Apr-May, seed maturity Sep-Nov.
Sunny, grassy places or sparse, mixed forests, often disturbed places, long cultivated in S China but now only sporadically distributed in the wild; 400-1100 m. Guangdong, E Guangxi, SW Hunan, SE Yunnan [?Vietnam]
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