笋兰 Thunia alba
中文名（Chinese Name）：笋兰
学名（Scientific Name）：Thunia alba (Lindl.) Rchb. f.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Phaius marshallianus (Rchb. f.) N. E. Br. Phaius albus Lindl. Thunia marshalliana Rchb. f. Thunia venosa Rolfe
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）笋兰属
形态特征（Description）：地生或附生草本，高30-55厘米，地下具粗短根状茎及大量纤维根。茎直立，较粗壮，圆柱形，通常具10余枚互生叶，基部有数枚抱茎鞘，初时全部包藏于叶鞘内，秋季叶脱落后仅留筒状鞘，貌似多节竹笋。叶薄纸质，狭椭圆形或狭椭圆状披针形，长10-20厘米，宽2.5-5厘米，先端长渐尖或渐尖，基部具筒状鞘并抱茎，有关节，花后叶片凋落仅留下筒状鞘；筒状鞘长2-4厘米，后期变为干膜质。总状花序长4-10厘米，具2-7朵花；花苞片大，宽椭圆形至狭椭圆形，舟状，长3-5厘米，薄革质，宿存；花梗和子房长2.5-3厘米；花大，白色，唇瓣黄色而有橙色或栗色斑和条纹，仅边缘白色；萼片狭长圆形，长4-5厘米，宽约1.5厘米，先端渐尖；花瓣与萼片近等长，稍狭；唇瓣宽卵状长圆形或宽长圆形，几不裂，长4-5厘米，宽2.5-3厘米，上部边缘皱波状，有不规则流苏或呈啮蚀状；唇盘上部有5-6枚褶片，褶片不规则裂成短流苏；基部的距圆筒状，长约1厘米，宽3-3.5毫米，先端钝；蕊柱长约2厘米。蒴果椭圆形，长约4厘米，宽约2厘米。花期6月，果期不详。
分布（Distribution）：产四川、云南和西藏。生于海拔 1200～2300米林下岩石上或树杈凹处，也见于多石地上。东南亚也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 315
Thunia alba (Lindley) H. G. Reichenbach, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin). 10: 764. 1852.
笋兰 sun lan| Orchidaceae | Thunia
Phaius albus Lindley in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 85. 1831; P. marshallianus (H. G. Reichenbach) N. E. Brown; Thunia marshalliana H. G. Reichenbach.
Plants, terrestrial or epiphytic. Stem erect, terete, 30-100 cm tall, somewhat stout, usually with ca. 10 leaves, base with several amplexicaul sheaths, completely enclosed in leaf sheaths. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 10-20 × 2.5-5 cm, papery or herbaceous, apex acuminate or long acuminate, with amplexicaul sheaths at base, articulate; sheaths persistent, tubular, 2-4 cm, becoming scarious. Rachis 4-10 cm, 2-7-flowered; floral bracts persistent, broadly elliptic to elliptic, cymbiform, large, 3-5 cm, papery. Flowers large, white, lip yellow [or white] and with orange or chestnut spots and stripes; pedicel and ovary 2.5-3 cm. Sepals narrowly oblong, 4-5 × ca. 1.5 cm, apex acuminate. Petals similar to sepals in size, slightly narrower; lip broadly ovate-oblong or broadly oblong-pandurate, 4-5 × 2.5-3 cm, irregularly fimbriate or erose, simple, apical margin crisped; disk with 5-9 shortly dentate-fimbriate ridges; spur cylindric, ca. 1 cm × 3-3.5 mm, apex obtuse. Column ca. 2 cm. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 4 × 2 cm. Fl. Jun. 2n = 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 80.
Lithophytic on rocks or epiphytic on lower branches of trees in forests or in shaded and rocky places; 1200-2300 m. SW Sichuan, SE Xizang, S, SE, and W Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].
The Chinese material belongs to Thunia alba var. alba; T. alba var. bracteata (Roxburgh) N. Pearce & P. J. Cribb, from Bhutan, NE India, and Nepal, is distinguished by the lack of a yellow patch on the lip.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Thunia alba (Lindl.) Rchb. f.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Phaius marshallianus (Rchb. f.) N. E. Br. Phaius albus Lindl. Thunia marshalliana Rchb. f. Thunia venosa Rolfe
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）笋兰属
形态特征（Description）：地生或附生草本，高30-55厘米，地下具粗短根状茎及大量纤维根。茎直立，较粗壮，圆柱形，通常具10余枚互生叶，基部有数枚抱茎鞘，初时全部包藏于叶鞘内，秋季叶脱落后仅留筒状鞘，貌似多节竹笋。叶薄纸质，狭椭圆形或狭椭圆状披针形，长10-20厘米，宽2.5-5厘米，先端长渐尖或渐尖，基部具筒状鞘并抱茎，有关节，花后叶片凋落仅留下筒状鞘；筒状鞘长2-4厘米，后期变为干膜质。总状花序长4-10厘米，具2-7朵花；花苞片大，宽椭圆形至狭椭圆形，舟状，长3-5厘米，薄革质，宿存；花梗和子房长2.5-3厘米；花大，白色，唇瓣黄色而有橙色或栗色斑和条纹，仅边缘白色；萼片狭长圆形，长4-5厘米，宽约1.5厘米，先端渐尖；花瓣与萼片近等长，稍狭；唇瓣宽卵状长圆形或宽长圆形，几不裂，长4-5厘米，宽2.5-3厘米，上部边缘皱波状，有不规则流苏或呈啮蚀状；唇盘上部有5-6枚褶片，褶片不规则裂成短流苏；基部的距圆筒状，长约1厘米，宽3-3.5毫米，先端钝；蕊柱长约2厘米。蒴果椭圆形，长约4厘米，宽约2厘米。花期6月，果期不详。
分布（Distribution）：产四川、云南和西藏。生于海拔 1200～2300米林下岩石上或树杈凹处，也见于多石地上。东南亚也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 315
Thunia alba (Lindley) H. G. Reichenbach, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin). 10: 764. 1852.
笋兰 sun lan| Orchidaceae | Thunia
Phaius albus Lindley in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 85. 1831; P. marshallianus (H. G. Reichenbach) N. E. Brown; Thunia marshalliana H. G. Reichenbach.
Plants, terrestrial or epiphytic. Stem erect, terete, 30-100 cm tall, somewhat stout, usually with ca. 10 leaves, base with several amplexicaul sheaths, completely enclosed in leaf sheaths. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 10-20 × 2.5-5 cm, papery or herbaceous, apex acuminate or long acuminate, with amplexicaul sheaths at base, articulate; sheaths persistent, tubular, 2-4 cm, becoming scarious. Rachis 4-10 cm, 2-7-flowered; floral bracts persistent, broadly elliptic to elliptic, cymbiform, large, 3-5 cm, papery. Flowers large, white, lip yellow [or white] and with orange or chestnut spots and stripes; pedicel and ovary 2.5-3 cm. Sepals narrowly oblong, 4-5 × ca. 1.5 cm, apex acuminate. Petals similar to sepals in size, slightly narrower; lip broadly ovate-oblong or broadly oblong-pandurate, 4-5 × 2.5-3 cm, irregularly fimbriate or erose, simple, apical margin crisped; disk with 5-9 shortly dentate-fimbriate ridges; spur cylindric, ca. 1 cm × 3-3.5 mm, apex obtuse. Column ca. 2 cm. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 4 × 2 cm. Fl. Jun. 2n = 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 80.
Lithophytic on rocks or epiphytic on lower branches of trees in forests or in shaded and rocky places; 1200-2300 m. SW Sichuan, SE Xizang, S, SE, and W Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].
The Chinese material belongs to Thunia alba var. alba; T. alba var. bracteata (Roxburgh) N. Pearce & P. J. Cribb, from Bhutan, NE India, and Nepal, is distinguished by the lack of a yellow patch on the lip.
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