绶草 Spiranthes vernalis
中文名（Chinese Name）：绶草
学名（Scientific Name）：Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & A. Gray
英文名（English Common Name）：spring lady's tresses
别名（Chinese Common Name）：盘龙参
异名（Synonym）：Neottia sinensis Pers. Spiranthes suishaensis Schltr. Spiranthes sinensis var. amoena (M. V. Bieb.) H. Hara Spiranthes amoena (M. V. Bieb.) Spreng. Spiranthes australis var. suishaensis Hayata Spiranthes lancea Backer, Bakh. f. et V. Steenis :K. Y. Neottia amoena M. Bieb. Neottia pudica (Lindl.) Sweet Neottia flexuosa Sm. Neottia crispata Blume Spiranthes aristotelea Merr. Spiranthes congesta Lindl. Spiranthes crispata (Blume) Zoll. & Moritzi Spiranthes densa A.Rich. Spiranthes flexuosa (Sm.) Lindl. Spiranthes indica Lindl. ex Steud. Spiranthes longispicata A.Rich. Spiranthes neocaledonica Schltr. Spiranthes novae-zelandiae Hook.f. Spiranthes papuana Schltr. Spiranthes pudica Lindl. Spiranthes stylites Lindl. Spiranthes suishanensis (Hayata) Schltr. Spiranthes viridiflora (Makino) Makino Aristotelea spiralis Lour. Ibidium viridiflorum (Makino) Makino Monustes australis (R.Br.) Raf. Calanthe australis (R.Br.) Aiton ex Loudon Epidendrum aristotelea Raeusch. Gyrostachys amoena Blume Gyrostachys australis (R.Br.) Blume Gyrostachys congesta (Lindl.) Kuntze Gyrostachys novifuburgensis Kuntze Gyrostachys stylites (Lindl.) Kuntze Gyrostachys wightiana Kuntze Spiranthes australis var. viridiflora Makino Spiranthes sinensis var. australis (R.Br.) H.Hara & S.Kitam. Spiranthes australis var. pudica (Lindl.) F.Muell. Spiranthes sinensis f. autumnus Tsukaya Spiranthes sinensis f. gracilis F.Maek. ex Tsukaya Gyrostachys australis var. flexuosa (Sm.) Blume Gyrostachys australis var. sinensis (Pers.) Blume Spiranthes australis var. sinensis (Pers.) Gagnep. Neottia australis var. chinensis Ker Gawl. Sarcoglottis pudica (Lindl.) P.N. Don
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）绶草属
形态特征（Description）：植株高13-30厘米。根数条，指状，肉质，簇生于茎基部。茎较短，近基部生2-5枚叶。叶片宽线形或宽线状披针形，极罕为狭长圆形，直立伸展，长3-10厘米，常宽5-10毫米，先端急尖或渐尖，基部收狭具柄状抱茎的鞘。花茎直立，长10-25厘米，上部被腺状柔毛至无毛；总状花序具多数密生的花，长4-10厘米，呈螺旋状扭转；花苞片卵状披针形，先端长渐尖，下部的长于子房；子房纺锤形，扭转，被腺状柔毛，连花梗长4-5毫米；花小，紫红色、粉红色或白色，在花序轴上呈螺旋状排生；萼片的下部靠合，中萼片狭长圆形，舟状，长4毫米，宽1.5毫米，先端稍尖，与花瓣靠合呈兜状；侧萼片偏斜，披针形，长5毫米，宽约2毫米，先端稍尖；花瓣斜菱状长圆形，先端钝，与中萼片等长但较薄；唇瓣宽长圆形，凹陷，长4毫米，宽2.5毫米，先端极钝，前半部上面具长硬毛且边缘具强烈皱波状啮齿，唇瓣基部凹陷呈浅囊状，囊内具2枚胼胝体。花期7-8月。
分布（Distribution）：产于全国各省区。生于海拔200～3400米的山坡林下、灌丛下、草地或河滩沼泽草甸中。俄罗斯、蒙古、朝鲜、日本、阿富汗、澳大利亚及东南亚也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 85
Spiranthes sinensis (Persoon) Ames, Orchidaceae. 2: 53. 1908.
绶草 shou cao| Orchidaceae | Spiranthes
Neottia sinensis Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2: 511. 1807; Gyrostachys australis (R. Brown) Blume; G. stylites (Lindley) Kuntze; Monustes australis (R. Brown) Rafinesque; N. amoena M. Bieberstein; N. australis R. Brown; N. australis var. chinensis Ker Gawler; Spiranthes amoena (M. Bieberstein) Sprengel; S. australis (R. Brown) Lindley; S. australis var. suishaensis Hayata; S. sinensis var. amoena (M. Bieberstein) H. Hara; S. sinensis var. australis (R. Brown) H. Hara & S. Kitamura; S. stylites Lindley; S. suishaensis (Hayata) Schlechter.
Plants 13-30 cm tall. Roots 2-3 mm in diam. Leaves 2-5, erect and spreading, broadly linear to broadly linear-lanceolate, rarely narrowly oblong, 3-10 × 0.5-1 cm, apex acute or acuminate, with an indistinct petiole-like base. Inflorescence erect, 10-25 cm, glabrous; rachis 4-10 cm, with many spirally arranged flowers; floral bracts ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, apex long acuminate. Flowers purplish red or pink; ovary pale green, 4-5 mm including pedicel, glabrous. Dorsal sepal forming a hood with petals, narrowly oblong, cymbiform, ca. 4 × 1.5 mm, glabrous, apex subacute; lateral sepals lanceolate, slightly oblique, ca. 5 × 2 mm, glabrous, base slightly gibbous, apex subacute. Petals rhombic-oblong, oblique, ca. as long as dorsal sepal, thinly textured, apex obtuse; lip broadly oblong, 4-5.5 × ca. 2.5 mm, shortly clawed, concave base containing 2 clavate glands, lateral margins erect, apical margin with strongly wrinkled teeth, apex obtuse and recurved; disk papillate. Column erect, ca. 2 mm; anther ovoid; pollinia ca. 1 mm; rostellum narrowly triangular-lanceolate; stigma discoid, weakly 3-lobed, slightly raised. Fl. Jul-Aug. 2n = 24, 30, 32.
Open and moist areas in forests, thickets, wet grasslands, meadows, marshes; 200-3400 m. Almost throughout China [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Russia (Siberia), Thailand, Vietnam; Australia].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & A. Gray
英文名（English Common Name）：spring lady's tresses
别名（Chinese Common Name）：盘龙参
异名（Synonym）：Neottia sinensis Pers. Spiranthes suishaensis Schltr. Spiranthes sinensis var. amoena (M. V. Bieb.) H. Hara Spiranthes amoena (M. V. Bieb.) Spreng. Spiranthes australis var. suishaensis Hayata Spiranthes lancea Backer, Bakh. f. et V. Steenis :K. Y. Neottia amoena M. Bieb. Neottia pudica (Lindl.) Sweet Neottia flexuosa Sm. Neottia crispata Blume Spiranthes aristotelea Merr. Spiranthes congesta Lindl. Spiranthes crispata (Blume) Zoll. & Moritzi Spiranthes densa A.Rich. Spiranthes flexuosa (Sm.) Lindl. Spiranthes indica Lindl. ex Steud. Spiranthes longispicata A.Rich. Spiranthes neocaledonica Schltr. Spiranthes novae-zelandiae Hook.f. Spiranthes papuana Schltr. Spiranthes pudica Lindl. Spiranthes stylites Lindl. Spiranthes suishanensis (Hayata) Schltr. Spiranthes viridiflora (Makino) Makino Aristotelea spiralis Lour. Ibidium viridiflorum (Makino) Makino Monustes australis (R.Br.) Raf. Calanthe australis (R.Br.) Aiton ex Loudon Epidendrum aristotelea Raeusch. Gyrostachys amoena Blume Gyrostachys australis (R.Br.) Blume Gyrostachys congesta (Lindl.) Kuntze Gyrostachys novifuburgensis Kuntze Gyrostachys stylites (Lindl.) Kuntze Gyrostachys wightiana Kuntze Spiranthes australis var. viridiflora Makino Spiranthes sinensis var. australis (R.Br.) H.Hara & S.Kitam. Spiranthes australis var. pudica (Lindl.) F.Muell. Spiranthes sinensis f. autumnus Tsukaya Spiranthes sinensis f. gracilis F.Maek. ex Tsukaya Gyrostachys australis var. flexuosa (Sm.) Blume Gyrostachys australis var. sinensis (Pers.) Blume Spiranthes australis var. sinensis (Pers.) Gagnep. Neottia australis var. chinensis Ker Gawl. Sarcoglottis pudica (Lindl.) P.N. Don
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）绶草属
形态特征（Description）：植株高13-30厘米。根数条，指状，肉质，簇生于茎基部。茎较短，近基部生2-5枚叶。叶片宽线形或宽线状披针形，极罕为狭长圆形，直立伸展，长3-10厘米，常宽5-10毫米，先端急尖或渐尖，基部收狭具柄状抱茎的鞘。花茎直立，长10-25厘米，上部被腺状柔毛至无毛；总状花序具多数密生的花，长4-10厘米，呈螺旋状扭转；花苞片卵状披针形，先端长渐尖，下部的长于子房；子房纺锤形，扭转，被腺状柔毛，连花梗长4-5毫米；花小，紫红色、粉红色或白色，在花序轴上呈螺旋状排生；萼片的下部靠合，中萼片狭长圆形，舟状，长4毫米，宽1.5毫米，先端稍尖，与花瓣靠合呈兜状；侧萼片偏斜，披针形，长5毫米，宽约2毫米，先端稍尖；花瓣斜菱状长圆形，先端钝，与中萼片等长但较薄；唇瓣宽长圆形，凹陷，长4毫米，宽2.5毫米，先端极钝，前半部上面具长硬毛且边缘具强烈皱波状啮齿，唇瓣基部凹陷呈浅囊状，囊内具2枚胼胝体。花期7-8月。
分布（Distribution）：产于全国各省区。生于海拔200～3400米的山坡林下、灌丛下、草地或河滩沼泽草甸中。俄罗斯、蒙古、朝鲜、日本、阿富汗、澳大利亚及东南亚也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 85
Spiranthes sinensis (Persoon) Ames, Orchidaceae. 2: 53. 1908.
绶草 shou cao| Orchidaceae | Spiranthes
Neottia sinensis Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2: 511. 1807; Gyrostachys australis (R. Brown) Blume; G. stylites (Lindley) Kuntze; Monustes australis (R. Brown) Rafinesque; N. amoena M. Bieberstein; N. australis R. Brown; N. australis var. chinensis Ker Gawler; Spiranthes amoena (M. Bieberstein) Sprengel; S. australis (R. Brown) Lindley; S. australis var. suishaensis Hayata; S. sinensis var. amoena (M. Bieberstein) H. Hara; S. sinensis var. australis (R. Brown) H. Hara & S. Kitamura; S. stylites Lindley; S. suishaensis (Hayata) Schlechter.
Plants 13-30 cm tall. Roots 2-3 mm in diam. Leaves 2-5, erect and spreading, broadly linear to broadly linear-lanceolate, rarely narrowly oblong, 3-10 × 0.5-1 cm, apex acute or acuminate, with an indistinct petiole-like base. Inflorescence erect, 10-25 cm, glabrous; rachis 4-10 cm, with many spirally arranged flowers; floral bracts ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, apex long acuminate. Flowers purplish red or pink; ovary pale green, 4-5 mm including pedicel, glabrous. Dorsal sepal forming a hood with petals, narrowly oblong, cymbiform, ca. 4 × 1.5 mm, glabrous, apex subacute; lateral sepals lanceolate, slightly oblique, ca. 5 × 2 mm, glabrous, base slightly gibbous, apex subacute. Petals rhombic-oblong, oblique, ca. as long as dorsal sepal, thinly textured, apex obtuse; lip broadly oblong, 4-5.5 × ca. 2.5 mm, shortly clawed, concave base containing 2 clavate glands, lateral margins erect, apical margin with strongly wrinkled teeth, apex obtuse and recurved; disk papillate. Column erect, ca. 2 mm; anther ovoid; pollinia ca. 1 mm; rostellum narrowly triangular-lanceolate; stigma discoid, weakly 3-lobed, slightly raised. Fl. Jul-Aug. 2n = 24, 30, 32.
Open and moist areas in forests, thickets, wet grasslands, meadows, marshes; 200-3400 m. Almost throughout China [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Russia (Siberia), Thailand, Vietnam; Australia].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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